DUPLICATE 


HXOOO 15024 


a  S.FUBOC  HEALTH  SER^ 
QUARANIINE  LAWS  AMD  REGI 

or  rtiE    . 

pilEIJSTAfES 


*•* 

Columbia  ©nibergitp 

intljeCitpof^etugorfe 

COLLEGE  OF  PHYSICIANS 
AND   SURGEONS 


Reference  Library- 
Given  by 


iexwc/« — 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 

UNITED  STATES  PUBLIC  HEALTH  SERVICE 


QUARANTINE  LAWS 
AND  REGULATIONS 

OF    THE 

UNITED   STATES     ' 


4; 


Revised  Edition  :  June,  1920 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1920 


Treasury  Department, 
Bureau  of  the  Public  Health  Service, 

Washington,  March  22,  1920. 
To  Tnedical  officers  of  the  Public  Health  Service,  collectors  of  customs, 
consular  officers,  and  others  concerned: 
Upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  Public 
Health  Service  and  pursuant  to  the  act  of  Congress  approved  Feb- 
ruary 15,  1893,  entitled  "An  act  granting  additional  quarantine 
powers  and  imposing  additional  duties  upon  the  Marine  Hospital 
Service,"  and  other  quarantine  laws,  the  following  regulations  are 
hereby  promulgated  for  the  information  and  guidance  of  all  con- 
cerned. All  previous  regulations  inconsistent  herewith  are  hereby 
revoked. 

J).  F.  Houston, 

Secretary. 
(3) 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Arciiive 

in  2010  with  funding  from 

Open  Knowledge  Commons 


http://www.archive.org/details/quarantinelawsreOOunit 


QUAKANTIXE    REGULATIONS. 


CHAPTER  I. 
QUARANTINABLE  DISEASES. 

1.  For  the  purpose  of  these  regulations  the  quarantinable  diseases 
are  cholera,  yellow  fever,  smallpox,  typhus  fever,  leprosy,  plague, 
and  anthrax. 

GENERAL. 

BELLS  OF  HEALTH. 

2.  Masters  of  vessels  clearing  from  or  leaving  any  foreign  port 
or  any  port  in  the  possessions  or  other  dependencies  of  the  United 
States  for  a  port  in  the  United  States  or  its  possessions  or  other  de- 
pendencies must  obtain  a  bill  of  health,  in  duplicate,  signed  by  the 
proper  officer  or  officers  of  the  United  States  as  pro^dded  for  by  law, 
except  as  provided  for  in  paragraph  3. 

The  following  form  is  prescribed: 

Form  1937. 
United  States  of  America. 

bill  of  health. 

I ( (the  person  authorized  to  issue  the  bill,  at 

the  port  of )  do  hereby  state  that  the  vessel  here- 
inafter named  clears  (or  leaves)  from  the  port  of 

,.  under  the  following  circumstances:  Name  of  ves- 
sel ............. . . Nationality 

Master Tonnage,  gross 

Net Name  of  medical  officer 

Number  of  officers Of  crew,  including  petty  officers 

^ .,,... .  Officers'  families Passengers  destined 

(5) 


for  the  United  States First  cabin 

second  cabin ,  steerage 

\dsited  within  preceding  four  months 


Ports 


Location  of  vessel  while  in  port:  Wharf    open  bay 

Distance  from  shore If 

any  passenger  or  member  of  crew  disembarked  on  account  of  sick- 
ness, state. disease 

Time  vessel  was  in  port 

Character  of  communication  with  shore 

Sanitary-  condition  of  vessel - 

Sanitar\*  measures,  if  any.  adopted  while  in  port 

Saiiitar\-  condition  of  port  and  vicinity 

Prevailing  diseases  at  port  and  ^"icinity 

Number  of  cases  and  deaths  from  the  following-named  diseases 
during  the  past  two  weeks  ending ; 


Diseases. 


Number 

of 

cases. 


Number 

of 
deaths.i 


Yellow  fever 

Asiatic  cholera 

Cbolera  nostras  or  cholerine. 

Smallpox , 

Typhus  fever 

Plague 

Leprosy 


Remarks. 

[Any  conditions  affecting  the 
public  health  existing  in 
the  port  of  departure  or 
vicinity  to  be  here  stated .  1 


1  When  there  are  no  cas^  or  deaths,  entry  to  that  effect  must  be  made. 

Date  of  last  case  'within  preceding  year): 

Cholera 

Yellow  fever 

Human  plague 

TA'phus 

Rodent  plague 


I  certify  that  the  vessel  has  complied  with  the  Quarantine  Rules 
and  Regulations  made  under  the  act  of  February  15,  1893,  and  that 

the  vessel  leaves  this  port  bound  for United 

States  of  America,  via 

Given  under  my  hand  and  seal  this day  of 

19... 

(Signature  of  consular  officer.) 


[seal.] 
Countersigned  by — 


Medical  Officer,  U.  S.  Public  Health  Service. 

3.  In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress 
approved  August  18,  1894,  vessels  hereinafter  named  are  exempt 
from  the  provisions  of  section  2  of  the  act  granting  additional  quaran- 
tine powers  and  imposing  additional  duties  upon  the  Marine  Hospital 
Service,  approved  February  15,  1893,  which  requires  vessels  clearing 
from  a  foreign  port  for  a  port  in  the  United  States  to  obtain  from  the 
consular  or  medical  officer  a  bill  of  health.  Vessels  so  exempt  are 
those  plying  between  Canadian  ports  on  the  St.  Croix  River,  the 
St.  Lawrence  River,  the  Niagara  River,  the  Detroit  Riier,  the 
St.  Clair  River,  and  the  St.  Marys  River,  and  adjacent  ports  of  the 
United  States  on  the  same  waters;  also  vessels  plying  between 
Canadian  ports  on  the  following-named  lakes, viz,  Ontario,  Erie, 
St.  Clair,  Huron,  Superior,  Rainy  Lake,  Lake  of  the  Woods,  Lake 
Champlain,  and  ports  of  the  L^nited  States;  also  vessels  plying 
between  ports  in  British  Columbia  and  ports  on  the  Pacific  coast 
of  the  United  States  as  far  south  as  (inclusive)  San  Francisco;  also 
vessels  plying  between  Canadian  ports  on  the  Atlantic  coast  and 
ports  of  the  United  States  on  the  Atlantic  coast  as  far  south  (inclusive) 
as  Boston;  also  vessels  plying  between  Mexican  ports  on  the  Rio 
Grande  River  and  ports  of  the  United  States  on  the  same  river. 
Vessels  sailing  originally  from  other  fgreign  ports  and  merely  calling 
at  Canadian  ports  en  route  to  the  United  States  are  not  exempt  from 


8 

the  pro\T.sioiis  of  section  2,  of  the  act  approved  February  15,  1893. 
During  the  prevalence  of  any  of  the  quarantinable  diseases  at  the 
foreign  port  of  departure,  vessels  above  referred  to  are  hereby 
required  to  obtain  from  the  consular  officer  of  the  United  States,  or 
from  the  medical  officer  of  the  United  States,  when  such  officer  has 
been  detailed  by  the  President,  a  bill  of  health,  in  duplicate,  in  the 
form  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury*. 


CHAPTER  II. 


GENERAL    REQUIREMENTS    AT    FOREIGN    AND 
INSULAR  PORTS. 

4.  The  officer  issuing  the  bill  of  health  to  vessels  leaving  foreign 
ports  and  ports  in  the  possessions  or  other  dependencies  of  the  United 
States  for  ports  in  the  United  States  or  its  possessions  or  other  de- 
pendencies shall  satisfy  himself,  by  inspection  if  necessary,  that  the 
condition^  certified  to  therein  are  true.  He  is  authorized,  in  accord- 
ance with  law,  to  withhold  the  bill  of  health  until  he  is  satisfied  that 
the  vessel,  the  passengers,  the  crew,  and  the  cargo  have  complied 
with  all  the  quarantine  laws  and  regulations  of  the  United  States. 

5.  Inspection  is  required  of — 

(a)  All  vessels  from  ports  at  which  cholera,  yellow  fever,  or  plague 
in  men  or  rodents  prevail,  or  at  which  smallpox  or  typhus  fever 
prevails  in  epidemic  form,  and  at  which  a  medical  officer  is  detailed. 

(b)  All  vessels  carrj-ing  steerage  passengers;  but  need  only  in- 
clude the  inspection  of  such  passengers  and  their  living  apSjrtments 
if  sailing  from  a  healthful  port. 

6.  Inspection  of  the  vessel  is  such  an  examination  of  the  vessel, 
cargo,  passengers,  crew,  personal  effects  of  same,  including  exami- 
nation of  manifests  and  other  papers,  food  and  water  supply,  the 
ascertainment  of  its  relations  with  the  shore,  the  manner  of  loading 
and  possibilities  of  invasion  by  rats  and  insects  as  will  enable  the 
inspecting  officer  to  determine  if  these  regulations  have  been  com- 
plied with. 


9 

7.  When  an  inspection  is  required,  it  should  be  made  by  daylight, 
as  late  as  practicable  before  sailing.  The  vessel  should  be  inspected 
before  the  passengers  go  abroad,  the  passengers  just  before  embark- 
ation, and  the  crew  on  deck,  and  no  communication  should  be  had 
with  the  vessel  after  such  inspection  except  by  permission  of  the 
officer  issuing  the  bill  of  health. 

8.  Vessels,  prior  to  stowing  cargo  or  receiving  passengers,  should 
be  mechanically  clean  in  all  parts,  especially  in  the  hold,  forecastle, 
and  steerage  and  loose  dunnage  in  unladened  compartments  shall 
be  so  arranged  as  to  prevent  harborage  of  rodents. 

9.  Any  portions  of  the  vessel  liable  to  have  been  infected  by  any 
communicable  disease  should  be  disinfected  before  the  issuance  of 
the  bill  of  health. 

10.  The  ail'  space,  ventilation,  food  and  water  supply,  hospital 
accommodations,  and  all  other  matters  mentioned  therein  promotive 
of  the  health  and  comfort  of  the  passengers  must  be  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  August  2,  1882, 
entitled  "An  act  to  regulate  the  carriage  of  passengers  by  sea." 

11.  Bedding,  upholstered  furniture,  soiled  wearing  apparel,  per- 
sonal effects,  and  second-hand  articles  of  a  similar  nature  coming 
from  a  district  known  to  be  infected  with  smallpox  or  as  to  the 
origin  of  which  no  positive  evidence  can  be  obtained,  and  which 
the  consular  or  medical  officer  has  reason  to  believe  is  infected, 
should  be  disinfected  prior  to  shipment.  Articles  similar  to  the 
above  mentioned,  if  from  a  district  infected  by  plague  or  typhus, 
should  be  inspected,  and,  if  necessary,  treated  to  destroy  vermin. 

12.  Articles  from  an  uninfected  district  shipped  through  an  in- 
fected port  may  be  accepted  without  restriction  if  not  exposed  to 
infection  in  transit. 

13.  Nothing  in  these  regulations  shall  be  construed  to  modify  or 
nullify  in  any  way  existing  restrictions  promulgated  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  at  the  instance  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture 
for  the  prevention  of  the  introduction  of  diseases  of  animals. 

14.  Any  article  shipped  from  or  through  an  infected  port  or 
place  which  the  consul  or  medical  officer  has  reason  to  believe 
infected,  should  be  disinfected. 


10 

15.  Any  article  presumably  infected  which  can  not  be  disin- 
fected should  not  be  shipped. 

16.  Passengers,  for  the  purpose  of  these  regulations,  are  divided 
into  two  classes,  cabin  and  steerage.^ 

17.  So  far  as  possible  passengers  should  avoid  embarking  at  a 
port  where  quarantinable  disease  prevails,  and  communication  be- 
tween the  vessel  and  the  shore  should  be  reduced  to  a  minimum. 
In  such  a  port  the  personnel  of  the  vessel  should  remain  on  board 
during  their  stay. 

18.  No  person  suffering  from  a  quarantinable  disease,  or  scarlet 
fever,  measles,  diphtheria,  poliomyelitis  (infantile  paralysis), 
influenza,  chicken  pox,  or  cerebrospinal  meningitis  should  be 
allowed  to  ship. 

19.  Passengers  and  crews,  merchandise,  and  baggage,  prior  to  ship- 
ment at  a  non infected  port  but  coming  from  an  infected  locality 
should  be  subject  to  the  same  restrictions  as  are  imposed  at  an 
infected  port. 

CHAPTER  III. 
GENERAL  REQUIREMENTS  AT  SEA.^ 

20.  The  master  of  a  vessel  should  observe  the  following  measures 
on  board  his  vessel: 

(a)  The  water-closets,  forecastle,  bilges,  and  similar  portions  of 
the  vessel  liable  to  harbor  infection  should  be  frequently  cleansed 
and  disinfected. 

(h)  Free  ventilation  and  rigorous  cleanliness  should  be  main- 
tained in  all  portions  of  the  ship  during  the  voyage  and  measures 
taken  to  destroy  rats.  mice,  fleas,  flies,  mosquitoes,  and  all  vermin: 

1  The  sanitary  measures  applicable  to  second-cabin  passengers  will  be  those  desig- 
nated for  first-cabin  passengers  or  for  steerage  passengers,  according  as  the  arrange- 
ments of  their  quarters  and  accommodations  aboard,  both  sanitary  and  for  associa- 
tion, class  them  in  the  opinion  of  the  inspecting  oflBcer  with  the  first  cabin  or  steerage. 

2  These  requirements ^At  sea  are  largely  advisory  in  character,  but  it  is  nevertheless 
true  that  a  careful  compliance  with  them  should  tend,  at  the  port  of  arrival,  to  largely 
relieve  the  stringency  of  quarantine  measures. 


11 

(c)  A  patient  sick  of  a  communicable  disease  should  be  isolated 
and  one  member  of  the  crew  detailed  for  his  care  and  comfort,  who, 
if  practicable,  should  be  immune  to  the  disease. 

(d)  Communication  between  the  patient  or  his  nurse  and  other 
persons  on  board  should  be  reduced  to  a  minimum. 

(e)  Used  clothing,  body  linen,  and  bedding  of  the  patient  and 
nurse  should  be  immersed  at  once  in  boiling  water  or  in  a  disinfect- 
ing solution. 

(/)  The  compartment  from  which  the  patient  was  removed  should 
be  disinfected  and  thoroughly  cleansed.  Articles  liable  to  convey 
infection  should  remain  in  the  compartments  during  the  disinfec- 
tion when  gaseous  disinfection  is  used. 

(g)  Any  person  suffering  from  malaria  or  yellow  fever  should  be 
kept  under  mosquito  bars  and  the  apartment  in  which  he  is  con- 
fined closely  screened  with  mosquito  netting.  All  mosquitoes  on 
board  should  be  destroyed  by  fumigation.  Mosquito  larvro  (wigglers 
or  wiggle-tails)  should  be  destroyed  in  water  barrels,  casks,  and 
other  collections  of  water  about  the  vessel  by  the  use  of  petroleum 
(kerosene);  where  this  is  not  practicable,  the  receptacle  should  be 
covered  by  mosquito  netting  to  prevent  the  exit  of  mosquitoes  from 
such  breeding  places. 

(h)  In  the  case  of  bubonic  plague,  special  measures  must  be  taken 
to  destroy  rats,  mice,  fleas,  and  other  vermin  on  board,  and  in  case 
of  pneumonic  plague,  the  patient  should  be  isolated,  the  body 
discharges  disinfected,  especially  sputum,  and  the  attendant  should 
wear  a  mask. 

({)  In  the  case  of  typhus,  special  measures  should  be  taken  to 
destroy  yernain. 

(j)  in  the  case  of  cholera,  tj'phoid  fever,  or  dysentery,  the  drink- 
ing water  should  be  boiled  and  the  food  thoroughly  cooked.  The 
discharges  from  the  patient  should  be  immediately  disinfected  and 
thrown  overboard. 

21.  An  inspection  of  the  vessel,  including  the  steerage,  should  be 
made  by  the  ship's  physician  once  each  day. 

22.  Should  cholera,  yellow  fever,  smallpox,  typhus  fever,  plague, 
or  any  other  conmiunicable  disease  appear  on  board  a  ship  while 
at  sea,  those  who  show  symptoms  of  these  diseases  should  be  immedi- 


12 

ately  isolated  in  a  proper  place;  the  ship's  physician  should  then 
immediately  notify  the  captain,  who  should  note  same  in  his  log, 
and  all  of  the  effects  liable  to  convey  infection  which  have  been 
exposed  to  infection  should  be  destroyed  or  disinfected.  In  the 
case  of  smallpox,  the  entire  personnel  should  be  vaccinated. 

23.  The  hospital  should  be  cleansed  as  soon  as  it  becomes  vacant. 

24.  The  dead,  except  those  dead  of  yellow  fever,  should  be  en- 
veloped in  a  sheet  saturated  with  one  of  the  strong  disinfecting 
solutions,  without  previous  washing  of  the  body,  and  at  once  buried 
at  sea  or  placed  in  a  coffin  hermetically  sealed. 

25.  A  complete  clinical  record  shall  be  kept  by  the  ship's  surgeon 
of  all  cases  of  sickness  on  board,  and  the  record  delivered  to  the 
quarantine  officer  at  the  port  of  arrival. 

26.  The   following  disinfecting  solutions   are   recommended   for 

use  at  sea : 

Formulsefor  strong  disinfecting  solutions. 

BICHLORIDE  OF  MERCURY  (1:500). 

Parts. 

Bichloride  of  mercury 1 

Sea  water 500 

Mix. 

CARBOLIC  ACID  (5  PER  CENT). 

Alcohol 50 

Carbolic  acid,  pure 50 

Mix. 

Then  add  fresh  water 900 

Formulsefor  weak  solutions. 

BICHLORIDE  OF  MERCURY  (1:1,000). 

ft 
Bichloride  of  mercury 1 

Sea  water 1,  000 

CARBOLIC  ACID  (2|  PER  CENT). 

Carbolic  acid,  pure 25 

Fresh  water 1, 000 

FORMALIN  (5  PER  CENT). 

Formalin  (or  formal) 50 

Water....  ^ '. 950 


13 

It  is  suggested  that  a  vessel  should  carry  for  every  100  passengers : 
Bichloride  of  mercury,  5  pounds;  carbolic  acid,  10  pounds;  alcohol, 
10  pounds;  formalin,  10  pounds;  100  pounds  of  sulphur  and  12 
Dutch  ovens,  about  12  inches  diameter,  and  an  adequate  supply 
of  fresh  vaccine  ^orus. 


CHAPTER  IV. 
GENERAL  REQUIREMENTS  AT  DOMESTIC  PORTS. 

27.  At  or  convenient  to  the  principal  ports,  quarantine  stations 
should  be  equipped  with  all  appliances  for  the  inspection  and  treat- 
ment of  vessels,  their  passengers,  crews,  and  cargoes. 

28.  For  all  ports  where  such  provisions  have  not  been  made,  and 
where  quarantine  inspection  is  required,  inspection  stations  should 
be  maintained. 

29.  At  a  fully  equipped  maritime  quarantine  station  there  should 
be  adequate  provision  for  boarding  and  inspection,  apparatus  for 
mechanical  cleansing  of  vessels,  apparatus  for  disinfection  by  steam, 
by  sulphur,  by  formaldehyde,  by  disinfecting  solutions,  or  any  other 
methods  prescribed  in  these  regulations;  also  a  clinical  laboratory, 
hospitals  for  contagious  and  doubtful  cases,  a  steam  laundry,  deten- 
tion barracks  for  suspects,  bathing  facilities,  a  crematory,  a  sufficient 
supply  of  good  water,  and  a  proper  system  for  the  disposal  of  sewage. 

30.  The  personnel  of  quarantine  stations  in  the  yellow  fever  zone 
should  be  immune  to  yellow  fever,  and  at  all  stations  the  personnel 
shall  be  vaccinated  against  smallpox.  Officers  when  entering  upon 
a  tour  of  duty  at  a  quarantine  station  should  be  vaccinated  against 
smallpox,  and  the  same  shall  apply  to  all  subordinates  and  their 
families  on  the  station. 

31.  At  quarantine  stations  south  of  the  southern  boundary  of 
Maryland  the  reservation  shall  be  free  of  Aedes  (stegomyia)  ealopus, 
and  general  antimosquito  measures  shall  be  enforced  on  the  reser- 
vation and  environment. 

32.  At  quarantine  stations,  all  articles  liable  to  convey  infection 
should  be  handled  only  by  the  employees  of  said  station,  unless 
the  services  of  the  crew  of  the  vessel  in  quarantine  are  indispensable. 


14 

S3.  The  lollo-vring  regulations  are  the  required  minimum  standard 
and  do  not  prevent  the  addition  of  such  other  rules  as,  for  special 
reasons,  may  be  legally  made  by  State  or  local  authorities.^ 

INSPECTION. 

34.  Every  vessel  subject  to  quarantine  inspection,  entering  a 
port  oi  the  United  States,  its  possessions  or  dependencies,  shall  be 
considered  in  quarantine  until  given  free  pratique.  Such  vessel 
shall  fly  a  yellow  flag  at  the  foremast  head  and  shall  observe  all  the 
other  requirements  of  vessels  actually  quarantined. 

35.  Vessels  arriving  at  ports  of  the  TTnited  States  under  the  follow- 
ing conditions  shall  be  inspected  by  a  quarantine  oflicer  prior  to 
entr^': 

a  J  All  vessels  from  foreign  ports  except  those  covered  by  para- 
graph 3.  Vessels  from  a  foreign  port  shall  be  inspected  only  at 
first  port  of  call  in  the  United  States,  except  vessels  from  ports 
suspected  of  yellow  fever  a^^i^-ing  during  the  active  quarantine 
season  at  southern,  \m  northern  ports. 

(h)  Any  vessel  with  sickness  on  board. 

(c)  Vessels  from  domestic  ports  where  cholera,  plague,  or  yellow 
fever  prevails,  or  where  smallpox  or  t\-phus  fever  prevails  in  epi- 
demic form. 

36.  The  inspection  of  vessels  required  by  these  regulations  shall 
be  made  between  sunrise  and  sunset,  except  in  case  of  vessels  in 
distress.  Exception  may  also  be  made  in  the  case  of  vessels  cany^- 
ing  perishable  cargoes,  and  regular  line  vessels  under  regulations 
approved  by  the  Secretan-  of  the  Treasur^^ 

37.  In  making  the  inspection  of  a  vessel  the  bill  of  health  and 
clinical  record  of  aU  cases  treated  during  the  voyage,  crew  and 
pa^engers'  lists  and  manifests,  and,  when  necessary-,  the  ship's  log 
shall  be  examined.  The  crew  and  passengers  shall  be  mustered 
and  examined  and  compared  with  the  lists  and  manifests  and  any 
discrepancies  investigated.     The  clinical  thermometer  should  be 

1  Poialties  for  violation  of  these -regulations  are  provided  in  sec.  10,  act  of  Mar.  2, 
19W.,  and  in  see.  4,  act  of  June  19, 1906. 


15 

used  in  the  examination  of  the  personnel  of  vessels  under  suspicion. 
When  a  freight  manifest  shows  that  articles  requiring  disinfection 
under  these  regulations  are  carried  by  the  vessel,  a  certificate  of 
disinfection,  signed  by  a  United  States  consul  or  a  medical  officer  of 
the  United  States,  shall  be  exhibited  and  compared  with  same. 
If  no  certificate  of  disinfection  is  produced,  the  collector  of  customs 
at  the  port  of  entry  shall  be  notified  of  same  by  the  quarantine 
officer.  The  collector  of  customs  shall  then  hold  such  consignment 
in  a  designated  place,  separate  from  other  freight,  pending  the  arrival 
of  the  certificate  of  disinfection;  and  in  the  event  of  its  nonarrival 
the  articles  shall  be  disinfected  as  hereinbefore  prescribed,  or  shall 
be  returned  by  the  common  carrier  conve;>T.ng  same. 

38.  Medical  officers  of  the  United  States  duly  clothed  with 
authority  to  act  as  quarantine  officers  at  any  port  or  place  within 
the  United  States,  when  performing  the  said  duties,  are  hereby 
authorized  to  take  declarations  and  administer  oaths  in  matters 
pertaining  to  the  administration  of  the  quarantine  laws  and  regu- 
lations of  the  United  States.     (Act  of  Mar.  2,  1901,  sec.  12.) 

39.  No  person,  except  the  quarantine  officer,  his  employees,  or 
pilots,  shall  be  permitted  to  board  any  vessel  subject  to  quarantine 
inspection  until  after  the  vessel  has  been  inspected  by  the  quar- 
antine officer  and  granted  pratique,  and  all  such  persons  so  boarding 
such  vessel  shall,  in  the  discretion  of  the  quarantine  officer,  be  sub- 
ject to  the  same  restrictions  as  the  personnel  of  the  vessel,  or  other- 
wise, action  may  be  taken  as  proiided  for  in  section  10,  act  of  March 
2,  1901:  Provided,  however,  That  the  United  States  customs  officials 
may  be  permitted  to  board  a  vessel  that  has  been  inspected  and 
held  in  quarantine  for  detention  or  treatment,  they  being  subject 
to  the  same  restrictions  as  the  personnel  of  the  vessel. 

40.  When  a  vessel  arriving  at  quarantine  has  on  board  any  of  the 
communicable  but  nonquarantinable  diseases,  the  quarantine  officer 
shall  promptly  inform  the  local  health  authorities  of  the  existence 
of  such  disease  aboard  and  shall  make  every  effort  to  furnish  such 
notification  in  ample  time,  if  possible,  to  permit  of  the  case  being 
seen  by  the  local  authorities  before  discharged  from  the  vessel. 


16 
QUARANTINE  DETENTION. 

41.  Vessels  arri\ing  under  the  following  conditions  shall  be  placed 
in  detention: 

(a)  With  quarantinable  disease  on  board  or  having  had  such 
disease  on  board  during  the  voyage. 

(6)  Any  vessel  which  the  quarantine  officer  considers  infected  with 
quarantinable  disease. 

(c)  A  vessel  arriving  at  a  port  south  of  the  southern  boundary  of 
Virginia  in  the  season  of  active  quarantine,  April  1  to  November  1, 
from  a  port  infected  or  suspected  of  infection  with  yellow  fever. 

(d)  Vessels  arri\TjQg  at  ports  north  of  this  line  and  south  of  the 
southern  boundary  of  Maryland  between  May  15  and  October  1, 
if  from  a  port  infected  or  suspected  of  infection  with  yellow  fever. 

(e)  In  the  case  of  vessels  arriving  at  a  northern  port  without  sick- 
ness on  board  from  ports  where  yellow  fever  prevails,  the  personnel 
shall  be  detained  under  observation  at  quarantine  to  complete  six 
days  from  the  port  of  departure. 

(/)  Towboats  and  other  vessels  having  had  communication  with 
vessels  subjected  to  quarantine  shall  themselves  be  quarantined  if 
they  have  been  exposed  to  infection. 

42.  The  duration  of  detention  of  vessels  or  personnel  herein  con- 
templated will  depend  upon  the  quarantinable  disease  involved  and 
will  hereinafter  be  specifically  provided  for. 


CHAPTER  V. 


GENERAL    REQUIREMENTS    AT    QUARANTINE 

STATIONS. 

43.  Pilots  will  be  detained  in  quarantine  a  sufficient  time  to  cover 
the  period  of  incubation  of  the  disease  for  which  the  vessel  is  quar- 
antined, if,  in  the  opinion  of  the  quarantine  officer,  such  pilots  have 
been  exposed  to  infection.  The  dunnage  of  pilots  shall  be 
disinfected  when  necessary. 


17 

44.  No  direct  commiinicatioii  shall  be  allowed  between  any 
vessel  in  quarantine  and  any  person  or  place  outside,  and  no  com- 
munication whatever  between  quarantine  or  any  vessel  in  quaran- 
tine and  any  person  or  place  outside  except  under  the  supervision 
of  the  quarantine  officer. 

45.  After  a  vessel  has  been  rendered  free  from  Infection,  it  may 
be  furnished  with  a  fresh  crew  and  released  from  quarantine,  while 
all  or  part  of  the  personnel  are  detained. 

46.  Vessels  detained  at  any  national  quarantine  will  be  subject  to 
such  additional  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  promulgated  from 
time  to  time  by  the  Surgeon  General. 

47.  The  form  of  certificate  which  shall  be  issued  to  a  vessel  when 
released  from  quarantine  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Surgeon  General 
of  the  Public  Health  Service,  and  shall  embody  the  statement  that 
the  vessel  has  in  all  respects  complied  with  the  quarantine  regula- 
tions prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  that  in  the 
opinion  of  the  quarantine  officer  it  will  not  convey  quarantinable 
disease,  and  that  said  vessel  is  granted  free  or  pro\TLsional  pratique 
to  enter  her  port  of  destination,  the  name  of  which  is  to  be  embodied 
in  the  blank. 

48.  The  persons  detained  shall  be  inspected  by  the  physician 
twice  daily,  and  be  under  his  constant  surveillance,  aud  no  inter- 
course will  be  allowed  between  different  groups  while  in  quarantine. 

49.  No  presumably  infected  articles  from  an  infected  vessel  shall 
be  carried  into  the  place  of  detention  until  disinfected. 

50.  Cleanliness  of  quarters  and  of  person  will  be  enjoined  and  daily 
enforced.  Disinfection  shall  be  practiced  where  there  is  any  pos- 
sibility of  infection. 

51.  In  any  group  in  which  communicable  disease  appears,  the  sick 
will  be  immediately  isolated  in  hospital,  and  the  remaining  persons 
in  the  group  and  their  effects  appropriately  treated  and  then  removed 
to  other  quarters,  if  possible,  and  the  compartments  disinfected. 

52.  Communication  between  the  physician  and  attendants  of  the 
hospital  and  those  detained  in  other  parts  of  the  quarantine  station 
shall  be  reduced  to  a  minimum. 

181214—20 2 


18 

53.  No  convalescent  shall  be  discharged  from  quarantine  until 
after  a  sufficient  time  has  elapsed  to  insure  his  freedom  from  infec- 
tion, and  this  is  to  be  determined  by  bacteriological  examination 
when  necessary  and  possible. 

54.  Passengers  and  crew  from  vessels  in  quarantine  shall  be  sub- 
sisted at  the  vessels'  expense.  Rations  and  service  may  be  pro- 
vided at  national  quarantine  stations  at  rates  to  be  fixed  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

55 .  The  body  of  a  person  dead  from  cholera  or  smallpox  shall  not 
be  allowed  to  pass  through  quarantine  until  one  year  has  elapsed 
since  death.  The  body  of  a  person  dead  from  typhus  or  plague  may 
be  permitted  to  pass  through  quarantine  if  free  from  vermin ;  if  dead 
from  yellow  fever,  no  precautions  are  required.  Bodies  of  persons 
dying  at  quarantine  stations  from  quarantinable  disease  should  pref- 
erably be  cremated  or  buried  at  station. 

56.  The  quarantine  officer  shall  report  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  tlirough  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States  Public 
Health  Service,  all  violations  of  the  quarantine  laws. 

57.  The  quarantine  officer  shall  report  to  the  collector  of  customs 
any  vessel  wliicli  arrives  without  the  bill  of  health  hereinbefore 
prescribed, 

58.  All  vessels  requiring  inspection  under  these  regulations  must 
present  to  the  collector  of  customs  at  the  port  of  entry  the  quarantine 
certificate  above  prescribed. 


SPECIAL  REGULATIONS. 

CHAPTER  VI. 

SPECIAL    MEASURES    AGAINST    CHOLERA    AT     FOREIGN 
AND   INSULAR   PORTS. 

59.  At  ports  where  cholera  prevails  special  care  should  be  taken 
to  prevent  the  water  and  the  food  supply  from  being  infected.     The 


19 

drinking  water,  unless  of  known  purity,  should  be  boiled  and  the 
food  thoroughly  cooked  and  protected  against  contamination  by 
flies,  etc. 

60.  The  latrines  of  vessels  must  be  so  arranged  that  they,  including 
their  discharge  pipes,  can  be  made  and  kept  mechanically  clean. 

61.  Certain  food  products  that  are  ordinarily  consumed  in  an  un- 
cooked state  coming  from  cholera-infected  localities  or  through  such 
localities,  if  exposed  to  infection  therein,  should  not  be  shipped. 
Vegetables  ordinarily  eaten  in  an  uncooked  state  when  grown  in  dis- 
tricts where  cholera  prevails,  shall  not  be  shipped.  Fruits  grown 
on  trees  or  on  shrubs  may  be  shipped. 

62.  The  baggage  of  steerage  passengers  shall  be  inspected  and  no 
food  shall  be  taken  aboard  in  such  baggage. 

63.  Steerage  passengers  and  crew  coming  from  cholera-infected 
districts  should  be  subjected  to  bacteriological  examination,  or 
otherwise  detained  five  days  in  an  environment  known  to  be  free 
from  any  source  of  infection. 

64.  Steerage  passengers  and  crew  from  districts  not  infected  with 
cholera,  shipping  at  a  port  infected  with  cholera,  unless  passed 
through  without  danger  of  infection,  should  be  treated  as  those  in 
the  last  paragraph. 

65.  Cabin  passengers  coming  from  cholera-infected  districts  should 
produce  satisfactory  e\i.dence  as  to  their  exact  place  of  abode  during 
the  five  days  immediately  preceding  embarkation.  If  it  appears 
that  they  haA'e  been  exposed  to  infection,  they  shall  be  detained 
under  medical  super"vision  a  sufficient  time  to  cover  the  period  of 
incubation  since  last  exposure,  or  otherwise  be  subjected  to  bacterio- 
logical examination. 

66.  Should  cholera  appear  in  the  barracks  or  house  in  which  pas- 
sengers are  undergoing  detention,  no  passengers  from  said  houses  or 
barracks  who  have  been  previously  exposed  to  this  new  infection 
should  embark  until  they  have  been  determined  free  of  the  infection 
by  bacteriological  examination,  or  otherwise  isolated  for  a  period 
of  five  days. 


20 

CHAPTER  VII. 

SPECIAL   MEASURES   AGAINST    CHOLERA   AT   DOMESTIC 

PORTS. 

67.  Special  measures  sliall  be  employed  against  vessels  and  per- 
sons from  a  cholera  infected  place,  as  likewise  when  cholera  has 
appeared  on  board  during  the  voyage. 

68.  All  steerage  passengers  arri\d.ng  at  ports  in  the  United  States, 
its  possessions  or  dependencies,  from  ports  or  places  where  cholera 
prevails,  shall  be  subjected  to  bacteriological  examination  and  shall 
not  be  admitted  to  entry  until  it  has  been  determined  by  said  ex- 
amination that  they  are  free  from  cholera  vibrios. 

69.  All  persons  on  vessels  upon  which  cholera  has  appeared  during 
the  voyage  shall  upon  arrival  at  quarantine  be  detained  until  it  has 
been  determined  by  bacteriological  examination  that  they  are  free 
from  cholera  vibrios. 

70.  Persons  in  detention  who  are  proven  by  bacteriological  exam- 
ination (performed  not  less  than  24  hours  after  remo  /al  from  expo- 
sure to  infection  in  cholera  case  or  carrier)  to  be  free  from  cholera 
organisms  may  be  discharged  from  quarantine  without  further 
detention. 

71.  In  lieu  of  bacteriological  examination  (and  then  only  when  it 
is  impracticable)  persons  exposed  to  infection  in  cholera  case  or 
carrier  shall  be  detained  in  quarantine  five  days  after  being  isolated 
from  such  case  or  carrier. 

72.  If  a  case  clinically  diagnosed  as  cholera  has  occurred  on 
voyage,  or  if  bacteriological  examination  should  reveal  the  presence 
of  infection  in  any  person  on  board,  such  infected  person  or  persons 
should  be  removed  and  isolated.  All  contacts  should  be  segre- 
gated in  small  groups,  and  no  material  capable  of  conveying  in- 
fection shall  be  removed  from  the  ship. 

73.  Fruits  and  vegetables  from  an  infected  ship,  that  are  ordi- 
narily consumed  in  an  uncooked  state,  shall  be  destroyed  or  ren- 
dered harmless  by  cooking. 

74.  The  food  served  to  persons  in  quarantine,  unless  from  a  source 
known  to  be  free  from  cholera  infection,  shall  be  cooked. 


21 

75.  The  water  supply  of  a  vessel  detained  in  quarantine  on  account 
of  cholera  infection,  unless  determined  by  bacteriological  examina- 
tion to  be  free  from  cholera  organisms  or  b.  Coll,  shall  be  sterilized. 
Otherwise  it  shall  be  discharged  after  disinfection. 

76.  The  dejecta  of  all  persons  in  quarantine  on  account  of  cholera 
shall  be  disinfected  before  final  dispo^tion,  and  special  precautions 
shall  be  exercised  in  order  to  pre\^ent  the  contamination  of  food  or 
water  supply  or  the  spread  of  the  infection  through  the  agency  of 
flies  or  other  insects. 

77.  Personal  effects  contaminated  by  dejecta  from  a  cholera  case 
or  carrier  shall  be  disinfected. 

78.  Any  part  of  the  ship  that  has  been  contaminated  by  dejecta 
from  a  cholera  case  or  carrier  shall  be  washed  down  with  a  solution 
of  bichloride  or  carbolic  acid. 

79.  Carriers  or  recovered  cases  shall  not  be  released  from  quaran- 
tine detention  until  three  bacteriological  tests  performed  on  consec- 
utive days  shall  have  been  proven  to  be  negative. 


YELLOW  FEVER. 

CHAPTER  VIII. 
SPECIAL  MEASURES  AT  FOREIGN  AND  INSULAR  PORTS. 

80.  For  the  purpose  of  these  regulations  six  days  shall  be  consid- 
ered as  the  period  of  incubation  of  yellow  fever. 

81.  It  is  advisable  that  at  ports  where  yellow  fever  prevails,  pre- 
cautions should  be  taken  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  mosquitoes, 
aedes  (stegomyia)  calopus  on  board  the  vessel.  Water  tanks,  water 
buckets,  and  other  collections  of  water  about  the  vessel  should  be 
guarded  in  such  a  manner  that  they  shall  not  become  breeding 
places  for  mosquitoes.  Where  the  vessel  has  lain  in  such  proximity 
to  the  shore  at  such  places  as  to  render  it  liable,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  inspecting  officer,  to  the  access  of  aedes  (stegomyia)  calopus, 
measures  should  be  taken  to  destroy  mosquitoes  that  may  have 
come  on  board. 


22 

82.  Passengers  and  crew  who.  in  the  opinion  of  the  inspecting 
oflEicer,  have  been  definitely  exposed  to  the  infection  of  yellow  fever 
(i.  e.,  -as  from  a  house  or  locality  known  to  be  infected),  should  not 
be  allowed  to  embark  for  six  days  after  said  exposure.  Those  im- 
mune to  yellow  fever  are  exempt  from  this  provision. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

SPECIAL  MEASURES  AT  PORTS  OF    ARRIVAL  (DOMESTIC 

AND  INSULAR). 

83.  A  vessel  aboard  which  a  case  of  yellow  fever  has  occurred  at 
any  time  during  the  voyage  shall  be  treated  as  follows: 

(a)  Careful  visual  and  thermometric  inspection  of  all  persons. 

(b)  The  sick  are  to  be  immediately  disembarked,  protected  by 
netting  against  the  access  of  stegom>T.a  mosquitoes,  and  transferred 
to  a  place  of  isolation. 

(c)  Other  persons  should  be  disembarked,  if  possible,  and  detained 
under  observ^ation  for  six  days,  dating  from  the  day  of  last  possible 
exposure. 

(d)  Persons  under  observation  presenting  an  elevation  of  tem- 
perature above  37.6°  C.  shall  be  isolated  in  a  screened  apartment. 

(g)  The  ship  shall  be  moored  if  possible  at  least  200  meters  from 
the  inhabited  shore. 

(/)  The  ship  shall  be  fumigated  for  the  destraction  of  mosquitoes 
before  the  discharge  of  cargo,  if  possible.  If  a  fumigation  be  not 
possible  before  the  discharge  of  the  cargo,  the  discharge  of  cargo 
shall  be  under  the  supervision  of  the  quarantine  officer,  and  may  be 
permitted  as  follows:  By  (1)  the  employment  of  immune  persons  for 
discharging  the  cargo;  or  (2)  if  nonimmunes  be  employed,  they  shall 
be  kept  under  obser\^ation  during  the  discharging  of  cargo  and  for 
six  days,  to  date  from  the  last  day  of  exposure  on  board. 

84.  A  vessel  which  has  lain  in  such  proximity  to  the  shore  of  a 
port  known  to  be  infected  as  to  render  it  liable  to  the  access  of 


28 

stegomyia  mosquitoes  shall  be  fumigated  and  the  personnel  held  in 
detention  under  observation  for  six  days. 

85.  A  vessel  arriving  at  a  southern  port  (either  direct  or  by  way 
of  a  northern  port  of  the  United  States,  which,  although  coming 
from  an  infected  port  or  suspected  port,  has  had  neither  death  nor 
case  of  yellow  fever  on  board,  either  before  departure,  during  the 
voyage,  or  at  the  time  of  arrival,  and  which  the  quarantine  officer 
is  satisfied  has  not  lain  in  such  proximity  to  the  shore  as  to  render 
it  liable  to  the  access  of  stegomyia  mosquitoes,  or  which  has  been 
fumigated  under  the  supervision  of  an  accredited  medical  officer  of 
the  United  States  immediately  before  sailing,  may,  upon  arrival  at 
a  port  of  destination  in  the  United  States  with  good  sanitary  history 
and  in  good  condition  (including  the  absence  of  any  exposed  collec- 
tion of  water  in  which  A.  calopus  might  breed)  be  subjected  to  the 
following  treatment: 

(a)  If  arriving  in  six  days  or  less,  she  may  be  admitted  to  pratique, 
with  or  without  fumigation,  in  the  discretion  of  the  quarantine 
officer,  and  without  further  detention  than  is  necessary  to  complete 
the  six  days. 

(b)  If  arriving  after  six  days  she  shall  be  immediately  fumigated 
(unless  previously  fumigated  at  a  northern  port)  and  may  be  admitted 
without  detention. 

86.  Vessels  from  ports  infected  or  suspected  of  infection  with 
yellow  fever,  calling  at  southern  ports  for  bunker  coal  or  supplies 
during  the  active  quarantine  season  may  be  allowed  to  take  on  such 
cargo  after  fumigation,  provided  the  vessel  be  anchored  in  a  place 
inaccessible  to  stegomyia  and  the  crew  or  passengers  be  detained  on 
board. 

87.  Traffic  without  detention  may  be  allowed  during  the  active 
quarantine  season,  from  ports  infected  or  suspected  of  infection  with 
yellow  fever,  to  ports  in  the  United  States  south  of  the  southern 
boundary  of  Maryland  under  the  following  conditions: 

(a)  The  vessel  must  lie  at  approved  moorings  in  the  open  harbor; 
the  crew  must  not  be  allowed  ashore  at  the  port  of  departure.     Every 


M 

possible  precaution  must  be  taken  to  prevent  the  ingress  of  steg- 
omyia  misquitoes  and  their  access  to  the  crew. 

(6)  The  officer  who  must  go  ashore  to  enter  his  vessel  must  be 
immune  to  yellow  fever.  Passengers,  unless  immune  to  yellow 
fever,  must  have  been  free  from  possible  exposure  to  yellow  fever 
for  six  days  immediately  prior  to  embarking. 

(c)  All  the  above  conditions  to  ])e  certified  to  specifically  by  an 
accredited  medical  officer  of  the  United  States. 

88.  All  persons  who  can  prove  their  immunity  to  yellow  fever  or 
who  have  not  been  exposed  to  possible  infection  of  yellow  fever,  may 
be  permitted  to  land  at  once. 

89.  For  the  destruction  of  mosquitoes  there  shall  be  a  complete  and 
simultaneous  fumigation  of  all  parts  of  the  vessel  by  sulphur  dioxide 
gas,  2  per  cent  volume  gas,  two  hours'  exposure,  or  by  cyanide  gas  in 
strength  of  ^  ounce  of  cyanide  per  1,000  cubic  feet  of  space,  one-half 
hour  exposui'e, 

PLAGUE. 

CHAPTER  X. 
SPECIAL  MEASURES  AT  FOREIGN  OR  INSULAR  PORTS. 

90.  At  ports  or  places  suspected  of  plague  infection  in  rodents  ^ 
every  precaution  shall  be  taken  to  prevent  rats,  (mice)  and  fleas  from 
getting  aboard. 

91.  A^essels  sailing  from  such  ports  shall  be  simultaneously  fumi- 
gated in  all  parts,  preferably  when  empty,  for  the  destruction  of  rats. 
Lighters  should  be  free  of  rats,  and  this  is  best  accomplished  by  peri- 
odic fumigation. 

92.  If  the  vessel  lies  at  a  dock  all  connecting  lines  should  be 
guarded  by  inverted  cones  or  disks  not  less  than  3  feet  in  diameter 
and  so  fixed  as  to  be  always  at  a  right  angle  to  the  line  to  which  it  is 
attached. 

1  Human  cases  shall  be  considered  as  proof  of  an  existent  rodent  infection. 


•25 

93.  Articles  which  harbor  or  are  liable  to  harbor  rats  or  rat  fleas 
should  not  be  shipped  until  freed  of  such  vermin,  either  by  the  use 
of  chemicals,  fumigation,  or  by  preventing  the  access  of  rats.  The 
nature  of  the  merchandise  and  the  place  and  method  of  stowing  prior 
to  shipment  must  be  considered  in  determining  its  liability  to  be  a 
rat  or  vermin  carrier,  thus:  crated  cargo,  bags  of  grain,  etc.,  so  stowed 
as  to  be  used  as  nesting  places  for  rats  would  be  flea,  and  might  be 
rat,  carriers,  and  cargo  should  preferably  have  been  previously 
stored  in  rat-proof  warehouses.  Articles  of  cargo  in  open  crates  should 
be  carefully  inspected  to  determine  freedom  from  rats  and,  at  the 
discretion  of  the  inspector,  may  be  rejected  for  shipment  if  consid- 
ered as  rodent  infected.  When  the  cargo  of  a  vessel  consists  of  grain 
or  other  rat  food,  extra  precautions  should  be  taken  to  prevent  rats 
from  going  aboard. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

SPECIAL    MEASURES    AGAINST    PLAGUE    AT    PORT     OF 

ARRIVAL. 

94.  Ships  on  which  plague  has  occurred  in  men  or  rodents  shall  be 
detained  in  quarantine,  the  sick,  if  any,  shall  be  removed  and  iso- 
lated, and  the  destruction  of  rats  shall  be  effected  as  soon  as  prac- 
ticable. 

95.  A  plague-infected  ship  shall  be  fumigated  simultaneously  in  all 
parts  for  the  destruction  of  rats,  including  those  that  may  be  within 
articles  of  cargo,  and  other  precautions  shall  in  the  meantime  be 
observed  to  prevent  the  escape  of  rats  from  the  ship. 

96.  AH  rodents  destroyed  on  vessels  at  quarantine  shall,  when 
practicable,  be  bacteriologically  examined. 

97.  All  persons  sick  of  plague  shall  be  detained  in  quarantine  until 
well,  but  no  detention  of  healthy  contacts  is  contemplated  (except 
in  the  pneumonic  type  of  the  disease)  other  than  is  incidental  to  the 
treatment  of  vessels  or  cargo. 


26 

98.  If  pneumonic  plague  has  occurred  on  board  ship  during  the 
voyage,  the  sick  shall  be  removed  and  isolated,  and  all  crew  and 
passengers  that  have  been  exposed  to  the  infection  shall  be  detained 
in  quarantine  for  a  period  of  7  daj^s,  or,  at  the  discretion  of  the  quar- 
antine officer,  until  their  secretions  shall  be  proven  to  be  free  from 
B.  pestis. 

99.  The  quarantine  officer,  before  granting  pratique  to  a  vessel 
that  has  been  detained  in  quarantine  on  account  of  plague  infection, 
shall  assure  himself  that  the  vessel  is  free  from  rats  and  vermin. 

100.  The  personal  effects  in  use,  and  the  belongings  of  crew  and 
passengers,  which  in  the  opinion  of  the  quarantine  officer  are  con- 
sidered as  infected,  shall  be  disinfected  and  rendered  free  from 
vermin. 

101.  Vessels  from  foreign  ports  or  ports  in  the  possessions  or  de- 
pendencies of  the  United  States,  or  domestic  ports  that  are  known  or 
suspected  of  being  infected  with  plague,  may,  when  loaded  with 
cargo,  the  nature  of  which  or  manner  of  storage  precludes  effective 
fumigation,  be  permitted  to  enter  subject  to  the  terms  of  a  pro- 
visional pratique.  When  lying  alongside  wharf  or  dock  at  United 
States  ports  such  vessels  shall  take  proper  precautions  to  prevent  the 
passage  of  rodents.  The  vessel  shall  be  fended  off  from  wharf  or 
dock  not  less  than  4  feet,  and  on  all  connecting  lines  shall  be  fixed 
rat-guards  of  sheet  metal  of  an  approved  design,  not  less  than  3  feet 
in  diameter.  All  cargo  nets  and  similar  dcAdces  extending  between 
the  vessel  and  shore  structures  shall  be  removed  at  night  unless  in 
actual  use,  as  likemse  gangways  and  ladders  unless  guarded.  Any 
vessel  so  entering  and  neglecting  to  effectively  apply  such  measures 
may,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Surgeon  General,  be  remanded  to  the 
quarantine  station  for  discharge  of  cargo,  or  required  to  discharge 
cargo  at  anchor  well  removed  from  the  wharf. 

102.  Vessels  from  ports  known  to  be  infected  with  plague,  in  man 
or  rodents,  which  have  docked  or  which  have  not  taken  precautions 
necessary  to  prevent  the  ingress  of  rats,  and  on  which  effective 
measures  have  not  been  taken  to  destroy  the  same  under  the  super- 
vision of  an  accredited  medical  officer  of  the  United  States  Govern- 


27 

ment,  shall,  upon  arrival  at  a  port  in  the  United  States,  be  fumigated 
for  the  destruction  of  rats. 

103.  All  vessels  engaged  in  trade  with  foreign  ports  shall  be  fiuni- 
gated  not  less  than  once  every  6  months  for  the  purpose  of  destroying 
rats.     This  is  best  done  when  the  vessel  is  empty. 

104.  A  fumigation  certificate  signed  by  an  accredited  medical 
officer  of  the  United  States  Goverimient  will  be  the  evidence  accepted 
by  the  quarantine  officer  in  considering  the  enforcement  of  paragraph 
103. 

105.  In  applying  plague  preventive  measures,  vessels  without 
cargo  shall  be  fumigated  simultaneously  in  all  parts  with  sulphur 
dioxide  gas,  not  less  than  3  pounds  per  1,000  cubic  feet  for  6  hoiu^s' 
exposui'e;  or  by  hydrocyanic  acid  gas  in  the  proportion  of  5  ounces 
of  sodiimi  cyanide  per  1,000  cubic  feet  of  space  (or  equivalent 
amount  of  potassium  cyanide)  for  2  hours.  If  the  vessel  be  loaded, 
the  time  of  exposure  shall  be  doubled. 

106.  When  necessary  in  the  treatment  of  infected  vessels,  the 
quarantine  officer  may  require  the  master  to  partially  discharge 
cargo  for  the  purpose  of  effective  performance  of  fumigation. 


SMALLPOX. 

CHAPTEK  XII. 

SPECIAL    MEASURES    AGAINST    SMALLPOX   AT    FOREIGN 
AND  INSULAR  PORTS. 

107.  For  the  purpose  of  these  regulations  14  days  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  the  incubation  period  of  smallpox. 

108.  Passengers  and  crew  coming  from  districts  where  smallpox 
prevails  in  epidemic  form,  or  who  have  been  exposed  to  smallpox, 
should  be  vaccinated  before  embarkation,  unless  they  show  satis- 
factory evidence  of  having  acquired  immunity  to  smallpox  by 
previous  attack,  or  successful  vaccination  within  one  year,  and  their 
baggage  inspected  and,  if  necosv^ary,  disinfected. 


28 

109.  Each  steerage  passenger  shall  be  furnished  with  an  inspection 
card  as  follows.  This  card,  stamped  by  the  consular  or  medical 
officer,  is  to  be  issued  to  every  member  of  a  family  as  well  as  to  the 
head  thereof. 


INSPECTION  CARD. 
[Immigrants  and  steerage  passengers.] 


Port  of  departure 
Name  of  ship 


Name  of  immigrant 


Date  of  departure 

Last  permanent  residence 


Inspeeted.  and  passed  at 


[Seal  or  stamp  of  consular 
or  medical  officer.] 


Passed  at  quarantine,        Passed    by    Imnoigra- 


port  of United 

States. 


[Date.] 


tion    Bureau,    port    of 


[Date.] 


[The  following  to  be  filled  in  by  ship's  surgeon  or  agent  prior  to  or  after  embar 

kation.] 


Ship's  list  or  manifest 


No.  on  ship's  list  or  manifest 


Berth  No. 


OTC^M-^OOt-OOOsO'-i 


T-t     I-!     .-I  p.J3  K   c3  — ' 


29 

VACCINATED. 

[Signature  or  stamp.] 

[Revebse  Side.] 

Keep  this  card  to  avoid  detention  at  Quarantine  and  on  Rail- 
roads in  the  United  States. 


Diese  Karte  mnss  aufbewahrt  werden.  um  Aufenthalt  an  der 
Qnarantane,  sowie  auf  den  Eisenbahnen  der  Vereinigten  Staaten 
zu  vermeiden. 


Cette  carte  doit  §tre  coDservee  pour  eviter  une  detention  a  la 
Quarantaine,  ainsi  que  sur  les  chemins  de  fer  des  Etats-Unis. 


Deze  kaart  moet  bewaard  worden,  ten  einde  oponthoud  aan 
de  Quarantijn,  alsook  op  de  ijzeren  wegen  der  Vereenigde 
Staten  te  vermijden. 


Conservate    questo   biglietto    onde    evitare    detenzione   alia 
Quarantina  e  sulle  Ferrovie  degU  Stati  Uniti. 


Tento  listek  musite  uschovati,  nechcete-li  ukaranteny 
(zastaveni  ohledn^  zjisteni  zdravl)  neb  na  draze  ve  spojenych 
stdtech  zdrzeni  byti. 


Tuto  kartocku  treba  trimat'  u  sebe  aby  sa  predeslo  zderzovanu 
T  karantene  aj  na  zeleznici  ve  Spojenych  Statoch. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

SPECIAL   MEASURES   AGAINST   SMALLPOX   AT   PORT    OF 

ARRIVAL. 

110.  Vessels  arriving  with  smallpox  on  board,  or  having  had  small- 
pox on  board  during  the  voyage,  shall  be  treated  as  follows: 

(a)  The  sick  shall  be  removed  and  detained  until  recovered. 

(6)  All  persons  who  in  the  opinion  of  the  quarantine  officer  have 
been  exposed  to  the  infection  shall  be  A'accinated,  imless  protected 
by  a  previous  attack  of  smallpox,  and  detained  in  quarantine  until 
the  vaccination  is  protective  against  said  exposure,  or,  if  they  refuse 


30 

vaccination,  detained  in  quarantine  for  14  days  after  last  exposure  to 
the  infection. 

(c)  Those  persons  that  have  not  been  exposed  to  the  infection  may 
be  released. 

(d)  All  personal  effects  of  passengers  and  crew  that  have  been 
exposed  to  infections  shall  be  disinfected.  All  compartments  that 
have  been  exposed  to  the  liability  of  infection  shall  be  disinfected. 


TYPHUS. 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

SPECIAL     MEASURES     AGAINST     TYPHUS     AT     FOREIGN 
AND  INSULAR  PORTS. 

111.  For  the  purpose  of  these  regulations  12  days  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  the  period  of  incubation  for  typhus  fever. 

112.  Passengers  and  crew  from  ports  infected  with  typhus  shall  not 
be  allowed  to  embark  unless  demonstrably  free  from  vermin,  or  other- 
wise treated  for  the  destruction  of  vermin.  The  personal  effects, 
wearing  apparel,  and  baggage  of  those  infested  with  vermin  shall  be 
disinfected. 

113.  Passengers  from  localities  where  typhus  prevails  embarking 
at  a  port  not  infected  with  typhus  shall  be  treated  as  in  the  preceding 
paragraph. 

114.  Passengers  and  crew  who,  in  the  opinion  of  the  inspecting 
oj95^cer,  have  been  definitel}'^  exposed  to  infection  (from  a  house,  bar- 
racks, or  other  building  in  which  has  occurred  a  case  of  typhus)  shall 
not  be  allowed  to  embark  until  12  days  after  removal  from  the 
infected  environment. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

SPECIAL    MEASURES    AGAINST    TYPHUS    AT    PORTS    OF 

ARRIVAL. 

115.  Vessels  on  which  typhus  infection  has  occurred  shall  be  de- 
tained in  quarantine  and  the  sick,  if  any,  removed  and  isolated. 


51 

The  clothing,  personal  effects,  and  baggage  of  those  infected  and  of 
those  not  demonstrably  vermin  free  shall  be  treated  for  the  destruc- 
tion of  vermin. 

116.  All  persons  found  to  be  vermin  (louse)  infested  shall  be  treated 
for  destruction  of  lice. 

117.  All  passengers  and  crew  that  have  been  exposed  to  the  infec- 
tion shall  be  detained  under  observation  for  a  period  of  12  days  from 
last  exposure  to  infection. 

118.  Those  of  the  personnel  that  are  demonstrably  free  from  vermin, 
and  have  not  been  exposed  to  the  infection,  may  be  released  without 
detention  or  disinfection  of  baggage. 

119.  Vessels  on  which  typhus  has  appeared  shall  be  detained  and 
fumigated  for  destruction  of  vermin. 

120.  Cargo  compartments  of  typhus  infected  vessels  need  not  be 
fumigated,  unless  there  be  exceptional  conditions  that  may  render 
them  vermin  infested. 

121.  Sulphur  dioxide  and  hydrocyanic  acid  gas  are  effective  agents 
for  the  destruction  of  lice  when  used  in  proper  strength  and  exposure. 


LEPROSY. 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

122.  Alien  lepers  should  not  be  permitted  to  embark  at  a  foreign 
port  for  a  port  of  the  United  States,  its  possessions  or  dependencies, 
either  as  a  passenger  or  as  a  member  of  the  crew. 

123.  Vessels  arriving  in  quarantine  with  leprosy  on  board  shall  not 
be  granted  pratique  until  the  leper  and  his  baggage  has  been  removed 
from  the  vessel  to  the  quarantine  station. 

124.  No  alien  leper  shall  be  permitted  to  land,  and  to  this  end  the 
case  shall  be  certified  as  a  leper  and  reported  to  the  nearest  commis- 
sioner of  immigration. 

125.  If  the  leper  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  the  case  shall 
promptly  be  reported  to  the  Surgeon  General  for  further  action. 


32 

ANTHRAX.i 

CHAPTER  XVII. 

126.  Slia%TLng  brushes  or  lather  brushes  destined  for  shipment 
into  the  United  States  shall  be  made  only  from  hair  or  bristles, 
known  to  be  free  from  anthrax  spores,     i^ 

127.  Unless  known  to  be  free  from  anthrax  spores  such  hair  or 
bristles,  before  being  made  into  shaAT.ng  or  lather  brushes,  shall 
be  disinfected  b'"*  one  of  the  following  methods:  (a)  By  boiling  for 
not  less  than  3  .urs;  (6)  by  exposure  to  steam  under  not  less  than 
15  pounds  gau^c  for  not  less  than  30  minutes  with  a  preliminary 
vacuum  of  at  least  10  inches;  (c)  by  exposure  to  streaming  steam  for 
not  less  than  6  hours. 

128.  Consignments  of  sha\-ing  brushes  of  foreign  manufactiu-e 
shall  be  accompanied  by  a  consular  certificate  containing  a  state- 
ment as  to  the  prevalence  or  nonprevalence  of  anthrax  in  the  ter- 
ritory'- from  which  the  brushes  emanate  and  also  to  the  effect  that  the 
materials  entering  into  the  manufacture  of  the  brushes  have  or  have 
not  complied  with  the  requirements  of  these  regulations. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 
BORDER  QUARANTINE. 

129.  When  necessaiy,  travelers  arri^■ing  at  Canadian  or  Mexican 
ports,  destined  for  the  United  States,  shall  be  inspected  at  the 
Canadian  or  Mexican  port  of  arrival  by  the  United  States  consular 

1  These  regulations  contemplate  that  anthi-ax  is  primarily  a  disease  of  animals; 
that  the  infection  in  man  is  comparatively  rare  and.  under  such  circumstances  is 
not  transmitted  from  man  to  man.  Inasmuch  as  the  infection  tends  to  spread  only 
as  an  epizootic  disease,  the  responsibility  for  its  exclusion  primarily  pertains  to  the 
United  States  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry.  The  rules  and  regulations  of  that 
Government  agency  appear  to  be  sufficient  for  their  purpose,  and  the  requirements 
contained  herein  are  merely  for  the  additional  protection  of  persons  against  possible 
infection  from  any  animal  product  in  such  widespread  and  everyday  use  as  the 
shaving  brush. 


33 

or  medical  officer,  and.  be  subjected  to  the  same  sanitary  restrictions 
as  are  called  for  by  the  rules  and  regulations  applicable  at  foreign 
ports. 

130.  Where  not  otherwise  specifically  stated,  the  rules  and  regu- 
lations for  maritime  quarantine  shall  be  applied  at  stations  on  the 
Canadian  and  Mexican  frontiers;  and  the  methods  of  disinfection 
shall  be  those  prescribed  i:^  these  regulations. 

131.  If  any  person  be  found  suffering  from  a  quarantinable  dis- 
ease, or  be  presumably  infected,  he  shall  be  denied  entry  or  shall 
be  kept  under  quarantine  observation  so  long  as  ^^  anger  of  convey- 
ing the  infection  exists. 

132.  Any  baggage  or  other  effects  believed  to  be  infected  shall 
be  refused  entry  unless  disinfected  in  accordance  with  these 
regulations. 

133.  Persons  coming  from  localities  where  cholera  is  prevailing 
shall  not  be  allowed  entry  until  they  have  been  proven  to  be  free 
of  cholera  vibrios,  by  laboratory  examination,  or  otherwise  detained 
five  days. 

134.  During  the  active  quarantine  season  persons  not  positively 
identified  as  immune  to  yellow  fever,  coming  from  places  where  yel- 
low fever  prevails,  will  not  be  permitted  to  enter  until  they  have 
been  away  from  said  locality  six  full  days,  or  otherwise  held  in  quar- 
antine to  complete  six  days. 

135.  Persons  coming  from  localities  where  smallpox  is  prevailing 
shall  not  be  allowed  entry  without  vaccination,  unless  they  are 
protected  by  a  previous  attack  of  the  disease  or  a  recent  successful 
vaccination. 

136.  Persons  coming  from  localities  where  typhus  fever  prevails 
shall  not  be  allowed  entry  unless  demonstrably  free  from  vermin  or 
otherwise  disinfected  for  the  destruction  of  vermin.  Disinfection 
of  wearing  apparel,  baggage,  and  personal  effects  for  the  destruction 
of  vermin  shall  be  practiced  when  necessary. 

137.  No  common  carrier  which  is  infected,  or  suspected  of  being 
infected,  shall  be  allowed  to  enter  the  United  States  until  after 
such  measures  have  been  taken  as  will  render  it  safe. 

181214—20 — 3 


34 

138.  Articles  of  merchandise,  personal  effects,  etc.,  which  are 
presumably  infected,  shall  not  be  allowed  entry  into  the  United 
States  until  after  disinfection. 

139.  Persons  shall  not  enter  the  United  States  from  countries  where 
any  of  the  quarantinable  diseases  are  reported  excepting  at  ports  of 
entry,  and  after  inspection  by  a  quarantine  oflScer  and  such  neces- 
sary treatment  as  indicated  in  the  foregoing  paragraphs. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

SPECIAL    REGULATIONS    RELATING    TO    NAVAL 

VESSELS. 

140.  Vessels  of  the  United  States  Navy  entering  ports  of  the 
United  States,  its  possessions  or  dependencies,  are  exempt  from 
inspection  if  there  be  a  medical  oflicer  aboard,  provided  such  vessel 
has  not  sailed  from  a  foreign  port  known  to  be  or  suspected  of  being 
infected  with  typhus,  cholera,  yellow  fever,  plague,  or  smallpox. 

141.  Vessels  of  the  United  States  Navy  are  subject  to  quarantine 
inspection  upon  arrival  at  ports  of  the  United  States,  its  possessions 
or  dependencies,  when  from  a  foreign  port  known  or  suspected  to  be 
infected  with  yellow  fever,  bubonic  plague,  typhus,  cholera,  and 
such  subsequent  detention  for  disinfection  as  may  be  required  by 
reason  of  disease  aboard  or  exposure  to  such  disease  in  foreign  ports. 

142.  The  certificate  of  the  medical  officer  of  the  United  States 
Navy  as  to  the  sanitary  history  of  the  vessel  and  its  personnel  may 
be  accepted  for  naval  vessels  by  the  quarantine  officer  boarding  the 
vessel  in  lieu  of  actual  inspection. 

143.  Vessels  of  the  United  States  NaA^  ha\T.ng  entered  the  harbors 
of  infected  ports  but  having  held  no  communication  which  is  liable 
to  convey  infection  may  be  exempted  from  the  disinfection  and 
detention  imposed  on  merchant  vessels  from  such  ports. 

144.  Vessels  of  the  United  States  Na^^  not  carrying  a  medical 
officer  shall,  upon  arrival  at  ports  of  the  United  States  from  foreign 
ports,  be  subject  to  the  same  provisions  of  these  regulations  as  apply 
to  merchant  vessels. 


35 
CHAPTER  XX. 

INSPECTION  OF  STATE  AND  LOCAL 
QUARANTINES. 

145.  In  the  performance  of  the  duties  imposed  upon  him  by  the 
act  of  February  15,  1893,  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  Public  Health 
Service  shall,  from  time  to  time,  personally  or  through  a  duly  de- 
tailed officer  of  the  Public  Health  Service,  inspect  the  maritime 
quarantines  of  the  United  States,  State  and  local,  as  well  as  national, 
for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  whether  the  quarantine  regulations 
prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  have  been  or  are  being 
complied  with.  '  The  Surgeon  General,  or  the  officer  detailed  by 
him  as  inspector,  shall,  at  his  discretion,  visit  any  incoming  vessel 
or  any  vessel  detained  in  quarantine,  and  all  portions  of  the  quaran- 
tine establishment,  for  the  above-named  purposes,  and  with  a  Adew 
to  certifying,  if  need  be,  that  the  regulations  have  been  or  are  being 
enforced . 

146.  The  Surgeon  General  of  the  Public  Health  Ser\T.ce  is  author- 
ized, when  in  his  discretion  such  action  is  necessaiy  in  the  interest 
of  the  public  health,  to  remand,  by  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  any  vessel  to  the  nearest  national.  State,  or  local  quaran- 
tine station  provided  with  proper  facilities  for  handling  infected 
vessels. 

APPENDIX. 
PREAMBLE. 

147 .  For  the  proper  appreciation  of  the  logical  and  effective  method 
of  destroying  all  sources  of  the  infection  of  the  quarantinable  diseases, 
consideration  should  be  given  to  the  various  ways  in  which  such 
infectious  agents  may,  under  natural  conditions,  survive  or  operate 
toward  dissemination. 

148.  Bubonic  plague  :  This  disease  is  caused  by  the  bacillus  pestis, 
which  is  transmitted  to  man  through  the  agency  of  rats  and  mice  and 
their  ecto-parasites,  i.  e.,  fleas.     It  is  primarily  and  essentially  a 


36 

disease  of  rodents.  It  is  only  accidentally  transmitted  to  the  human 
by  means  of  the  fleas  which  have  fed  on  an  infected  rodent  host  and 
which,  having  become  dislodged  and  finding  no  other  preferred  host 
available,  perforce  turn  to  the  human  as  the  only  source  of  blood 
supply.  It  is  alleged  that  the  bedbug  may  transmit  the  disease. 
As  it  is  not  a  parasite  of  the  rat.  it  probably  would  never  attack  the 
rat  under  natural  conditions.  The  only  means  of  its  transmitting 
the  disease  would  be  through  the  ingestion  of  blood  from  the  human 
host  during  the  infectious  stage.  This  would  be  possible  only  in 
cases  of  septicemic  plague.  Under  such  conditions  it  is  not  im- 
probable that  the  bedbug  may  be  infectious  for  any  subsequent 
human  host  which  it  might  attack.  Such  a  combination  of  circum- 
stances are  rare  occurrences.  In  any  event,  the  bedbug  would  cause 
only  individual  cases  of  the  disease  and  would  not  be  productive 
of  an  epidemic  or  operate  to  the  widespread  dissemination  of  the 
disease. 

149.  Pneumonic  PLAGrE:  From  an  epidemiological  standpoint 
and  as  to  the  application  of  preventive  measures,  pneumonic  plague 
and  bubonic  plague  are  to  be  considered  as  wholly  separate  diseases. 
Pneumonic  plague  is  transmitted  solely  through  personal  contact 
in  the  same  fashion  as  pneumonia  or  other  respiratory  diseases. 
Neither  the  flea  or  other  insects  are  concerned  in  the  direct  trans- 
mission of  pneumonic  plague. 

150.  Yellow  fever:  The  organism  causing  this  disease  remains 
unknown,  but  the  virus  is  inert  except  it  be  transmitted  by  a 
species  of  mosquito,  i.e.,  Aedes  calopus  (stegomAia;,  and  this  only 
after  an  intrinsic  cycle  of  development  in  the  body  of  such  raosquito. 

151.  Typhus  fever:  The  causative  organism  of  this  disease  has 
not  as  yet  been  definitely  isolated  and  accepted  as  such.  The 
transmitting  agent  of  tj'phus,  however,  is  the  louse,  both  the  body 
louse  and  the  head  louse,  but  chiefly  the  former.  No  natural  means 
of  transmission  of  tv'phus  infection  other  than  the  louse  has  been 
accepted . 

152.  Cholera:  This  disease  is  caused  by  the  cholera  vibrio  when 
introduced  into  the  gastro-intestinal  tract.  Food  or  water  indi- 
rectly contaminated  is  the  chief  means  by  which  the  disease  is  con- 


37 

veyed,  but  on  board  ship,  direct  contact  or  the  immediate  pollu- 
tion of  alimentary  substances  by  "carriers"  or  acute  cases  are  to  be 
considered  the  more  common  means  by  which  the  cholera  infection 
is  transmitted.  The  possibility  of  water  ballast  being  infected  or 
constituting  a  probable  source  of  spreading  the  disease  is  so  remote 
as  to  be  negligible,  and  the  same  applies  in  a  general  way  to  cargo 
and  ship  supplies.  Accurate  knowledge  that  none  of  the  personnel 
is  harboring  the  cholera  organisms  in  their  gastro-intestinal  tract  is 
the  most  important  feature  in  the  treatment  of  cholera-infected 
vessels. 

153.  Smallpox:  The  causative  agent  of  this  disease  has  not  been 
identified,  but  for  all  practical  purposes  it  may  be  considered  that 
more  or  less  intimacy  of.  contact  is  essential  for  the  spread  of  the 
disease.  It  should  also  be  borne  in  mind  that  immune  contacts  or 
convalescents  may  transmit  the  virus  in  either  their  clothing,  their 
personal  effects,  or  possibly  in  the  body  secretions. 

154.  Leprosy:  The  causative  agent  of  this  disease  is  believed  to 
be  B.  leprae,  which  is  an  "acid-fast"  bacillus  found  in  the  tissues 
of  persons  having  the  disease.  Nothing  definite  has  been  worked 
out  as  to  to  the  manner  in  which  the  infection  is  transmitted  and 
preventive  measures  are  practically  confined  solely  to  the  isolation 
and  segregation  of  the  leprous  persons. 

155.  From  the  foregoing,  therefore,  it  is  evident  that  the  treat- 
ment of  plague-infected  vessels  calls  for  the  definite  destruction  of 
all  rodents  and  their  parasites  and  bedbugs  where  there  has  been 
septicemic  types  of  the  disease.  While  fleas  normally  have  their 
habitat  on  their  preferred  host,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  these 
parasites  may  occasionally  be  dislodged  and  temporarily  be  found 
in  the  environment.  When  rodent  infection  has  actually  been 
demonstrated  on  board  a  vessel,  consideration  should  be  given  to 
the  destruction  of  rats,  mice,  and  fleas  in  all  parts  of  the  vessel  by 
some  disinfecting  agent  which  will  penetrate  to  all  parts  of  the  vessel 
and  will  be  toxic  both  to  animal  and  insect  life.  Sulphur  dioxide 
and  hydrocyanic  acid  gas  are  best  adapted  for  this  purpose.  When 
himian  cases  are  found  on  vessels  that  have  acquired  their  infection 
en  route,  indicating  the  dispersal  of  infected  fleas,  it  may  be  advis- 


38 

able  that  the  clothing  and  personal  effects  of  the  passengers  and  crew 
be  treated  for  the  destruction  of  any  fleas  that  may  have  become 
lodged  thereon. 

Disinfection  for  the  purpose  of  destro;^dng  bacteria  for  the  preven- 
tion of  bubonic  plague  is  irrational  and  unnecessary, 

156.  The  only  procedure  that  is  called  for  in  preventing  the  spread 
of  yellow  fever  (aside  from  the  control  of  the  human  host)  is  that  for 
the  destruction  of  mosquitoes,  and  this  is  best  accomplished  by 
fumigation  with  sulphur  dioxide  or  hydrocyanic  acid  gas.  Bacteri- 
cidal measures  have  no  place  in  the  prevention  or  destruction  of 
yellow  fever  infection. 

157.  In  cholera  the  control  of  the  human  host  and  the  safe  disposal 
of  the  excreta  therefrom,  the  destruction  of  contaminated  food  or 
water,  or  their  sterilization  (cooking,  boiling,  etc.),  are  the  essential 
features  in  preventive  measures.  Fumigation  or  place  disinfection 
is  not  called  for  in  cholera  preventive  measures.  T\'Tiere  a  case  of 
cholera  has  resulted  in  soiling  the  bedding,  as  an  added  precaution 
such  effects  should  be  sterilized  and  the  floors  and  walls  of  the  com- 
partment washed  down  with  bichloride  solution.  The  cholera  \ibrio 
has  practically  no  resistance  to  diying,  however,  and  under  natural 
conditions  it  is  improbable  that  soiled  linen  or  an  infected  place 
will  result  in  the  spread  of  the  disease.  "U'hile  bathing  and  personal 
cleanliness  is  to  be  encouraged  at  the  quarantine  station,  it  is  not 
to  be  assumed  that  disinfection  of  wearing  apparel  and  personal 
effects  of  the  contacts,  or  the  disinfection  of  the  body  has  any  mate- 
rial effect  in  preventing  the  spread  of  the  infection.  The  control 
of  the  personnel  and  the  assured  safe  disposal  of  body  discharges 
and  protection  of  food  and  water  supply  are  the  important  features 
to  be  observed  in  the  prevention  of  cholera. 

158.  The  important  feature  in  tjnphus  preventive  measures  is  the 
assured  destruction  of  all  vermin  on  the  person,  clothing,  and  personal 
effects  of  those  actually  sick  with  typhus  and  those  who  have  been  in 
contact  with  typhus  infected  persons.  In  this  latter  group  are  to  be 
included  those  persons  from  a  known  tj'phus-infected  area.  The 
destruction  of  lice  on  clothing  is  best  affected  by  heat,  steam  under 


39 

pressure  by  preference,  but  flowing  steam  without  pressure  will 
suffice,  provided  the  articles  to  be  disinfected  are  not  closely  packed. 
Dry  heat  is  likewise  effective.  Body  lice  and  head  lice  can  very 
well  be  destroyed  by  mechanical  cleaning — soap  and  hot  water — but 
the  application  of  a  solution  of  equal  parts  of  vinegar  and  kerosene 
to  hairy  parts  will  greatly  assist  in  the  removal  of  nits  and  lice. 
This  solution  should  be  allowed  to  remain  15  minutes  or  half  an 
hour  before  bathing.  The  treatment  of  personal  effects  and  baggage 
or  verminous  persons  is  necessarj^,  but  in  the  case  of  those  individuals 
who  are  passed  as  free  of  vermin,  and  not  requiring  disinfection,  their 
baggage  likewise  should  be  passed  without  treatment.  Bactericidal 
measures  are  not  called  for  in  typhus  prevention.  The  question  is 
solely  that  of  the  destruction  of  lice  and  the  detention  in  quarantine 
for  a  period  of  12  days  those  persons  who  have  been  intimately 
exposed  to  typhus  infection  and  who  presumably  may  develop  the 
disease,  as  well  as  those  actually  sick. 

159.  For  the  prevention  of  the  spread  of  leprosy,  the  chief  and 
practically  the  only  measure  called  for  is  the  isolation  of  the  patient, 
either  in  a  National  or  State  leprosarium.  WTien  in  temporary  con- 
finement at  the  quarantine  stations,  when  traveling,  or  under  other 
conditions  that  would  entail  contact  with  the  public,  especial  pre- 
cautions would  include  the  sterilization  of  eating  utensils  used  by 
the  leper  and  the  disinfection  of  bed  clothes.  x\s  a  measure  of 
added  precaution,  the  compartment  in  which  the  leper  has  lived 
or  been  confined  should,  after  his  removal,  be  sterilized  by  mechani- 
cal cleaning  and  fumigation  by  formaldehyde  gas. 

DISINFECTANTS  AUTHORIZED  BY  THE  UNITED  STATES 
QUARANTINE  REGULATIONS  AND  THE  PROPER 
METHODS  OF  GENERATING  AND  USING  SAME. 

PHYSICAL  DISINFECTANTS. 

160.  Burning. — Of  unquestioned  efficiency,  but  seldom  required. 
Boiling. — Very  efficient  and  of  wide  r^nge  of  applicability.     The 

articles  must  be  wholly  immersed  for  not  less  than  10  minutes  in, 
water  actually  boUing  (100°  C).    The  addition  of  1  per  cent  of 


.   40 

carbonate  of  soda  renders  the  process  applicable  to  polished  steel, 
cutting  instruments,  or  tools. 

Steam. — (a)  Flowing  steam  {not  under  pressure):  Flowing  steam 
when  applied  under  suitable  conditions  is  an  efficient  disinfecting 
agent.  The  exposure  must  be  continued  30  minutes  after  the  tem- 
peratiue  has  reached  100°  C. 

(&)  Steam  under  pressure  ivithout  vacuum:  Steam  under  pressure 
will  sterilize,  provided  that  the  process  is  continued  20  minutes 
after  the  pressure  reaches  15  pounds  per  square  inch.  The  air  must 
be  expelled  from  the  apparatus  at  the  beginning  of  the  process.  If 
impracticable  to  obtain  the  designated  pressure,  a  longer  exposure 
will  accomplish  the  same  result. 

(c)  Steam  under  pressure  with  vacuum:  Steam  in  a  special  ap- 
paratus with  vacuum  attachment  is  the  best  method  of  applying 
steam  under  pressure,  the  object  of  the  vacuum  apparatus  being  to 
expel  the  air  and  to  promote  the  penetration  of  the  steam.  The 
process  is  to  be  continued  for  20  minutes  after  the  pressure  reaches 
10  pounds  to  the  square  inch. 

CHEMICAL  SOLUTIONS. 

161.  Bichloride  of  mercury. — Bichloride  of  mercury  is  a  dis- 
infectant of  undoubted  potency  and  wide  range  of  applicability.  It 
can  not  be  depended  upon  to  penetrate  substances  in  the  presence 
of  albuminous  matter.  It  should  be  used  in  solutions  of  1  to  1,000. 
The  solubility  of  bichloride  of  mercury  may  be  increased  by  using 
sea  water  for  the  solution,  or  by  adding  2  parts  per  1,000  of  sodium  or 
aminonium  chloride  to  the  water  employed. 

162.  Carbolic  acid. — Carbolic  acid  in  the  strength  of  5  per  cent 
(see  paragraph  27)  may  be  substituted  for  the  bichloride  of  mercury, 
and  should  be  employed  in  the  disinfection  of  the  cabins  and  living 
apartments  of  ships  to  obviate  injurious  action  on  polished  metals, 
bright  work,  etc. 

363.  Formalin. — Formalin  containing  40  per  cent  of  formalde- 
hyde may  be  used  in  a  5  per  cent  solution  as  a  substitute  for  bi- 
chloride of  mercury  or  carbolic  acid,  and  is  useful  for  the  disinfec- 


41 

tion  of  surfaces,  dejecta,  fabrics,  and  a  great  variety  of  objects, 
owing  to  its  noninjurious  character. 

GASEOUS  AGENTS. 

164.  Sulphur  dioxide. — Sulphur  dioxide  is  efficient,  but  requires 
the  presence  of  moisture.  It  is  only  a  surface  disinfectant,  and  is 
lacking  in  penetrating  properties.  An  atmosphere  containing  4.5 
per  cent  can  be  obtained  by  burning  5  pounds  of  sulphur  per  1,000 
cubic  feet  of  space.  This  amount  would  require  the  evaporation  or 
volatilization  of  about  1  pint  of  water.  In  the  above  proportion  it 
may  be  used  as  a  disinfectant  for  some  quarantinable  diseases,  as 
smallpox,  cholera.  Its  principal  use  in  maritime  quarantine  is  in 
the  destruction  of  disease-carrying  vermin,  rats,  fleas,  lice,  mos- 
quitoes, etc.  For  this  it  is  a  very  efficient  agent,  ranking  next  to 
hydrocyanic  acid  gas. 

165.  The  sulphur  may  be  burned  in  shallow  iron  ovens  (Dutch 
ovens)  containing  not  more  than  30  pounds  of  sulphur  for  each  pot- 
and  the  pots  should  stand  in  vessels  of  water.  Quicker  and  better 
results  can  be  obtained  from  burning  the  same  total  amount  of 
sulphur  in  a  number  of  small  shallow  ovens  (Dutch  ovens),  5  to  10 
pounds  in  each,  than  in  a  few  large  ovens.  The  sulphur  ovens 
should  be  elevated  from  the  bottom  of  the  compartment  to  be  dis- 
infected in  order  to  obtain  the  maximum  possible  percentage  of 
combustion  of  sulphur.  The  sulphur  should  be  in  a  state  of  fine 
division,  and  ignition  is  best  accomplished  by  alcohol;  special  care 
to  be  taken  with  this  method  to  prevent  damage  to  cargo  of  vessel 
by  fire;  or  the  sulphur  may  be  burned  in  a  special  furnace,  the 
sulphur  dioxide  being  distributed  by  a  power  fan.  This  method  is 
peculiarly  applicable  to  cargo  vessels. 

166.  Liquified  sulphur  dioxide  may  be  used  for  disinfection  in 
place  of  sulphur  dioxide  generated  as  above,  it  being  borne  in  mind 
that  this  process  will  require  2  pounds  of  the  liquified  gas  for  each 
pound  of  sulphur,  as  indicated  in  the  above  paragraphs. 

167.  Sulphur  dioxide  is  especially  applicable  to  the  holds  of 
vessels,  or  to  freight  cars  and  apartments  that  may  be  tightly  closed 
and  which  do  not  contain  objects  injured  by  the  gas.     Sulphur 


42 

dioxide  bleaches  fabrics  or  materials  dyed  with  vegetable  or  aniline 
dyes.  It  destroys  linen  or  cotton  goods  by  rotting  the  fiber  through 
the  agency  of  the  acids  formed.     It  injures  most  metals. 

FORMALDEHYDE    GAS. 

168.  Formaldehyde  gas. — Formaldehyde  gas  is  effective  if 
applied  by  one  of  the  methods  given  below.  Formaldehyde  gas 
has  the  advantage  as  a  disinfectant  that  it  does  not  injure  fabrics  or 
most  colors.  It  is  not  poisonous  to  the  higher  forms  of  animal  life. 
It  fails  to  kill  vermin,  such  as  rats,  mice,  roaches,  bedbugs,  etc. 
The  method  is  not  applicable  to  the  holds  of  large  vessels.  Formal- 
dehyde is  applicable  to  the  disinfection  of  rooms,  clothing,  and 
fabrics,  but  should  not  be  depended  upon  for  bedding,  upholstered 
furniture,  and  the  like,  when  deep  penetration  is  required. 

169.  Many  formaldehyde  solutions  do  not  contain  40  per  cent  of 
formaldehyde,  and  all  are  apt  to  deteriorate  with  time.  It  is  there- 
fore necessary  to  use  a  quantity  in  excess  of  the  amount  prescribed 
in  these  regulations  unless  the  solution  has  been  recently  analyzed. 

170.  The  following  methods  of  evolving  the  gas  may  be  used: 
(a)  Autoclave  under  pressure,  3  to  12  hours'  exposure. 

(6)  Lamp  generator,  6  to  18  hours'  exposure. 

(c)  Spraying,  12  to  24  hours'  exposure. 

(d)  Formaldehyde  and  dry  heat  in  partial  vacuum,  1  hour's  ex- 
posure. 

(e)  Chemical,  as  formalin-permanganate  method  of  Russel  (see 
pat.  166);  formalin-aluminum  sulphate-lime  of  Walker  (see  par. 
166). 

171.  The  minimum  number  of  hours'  exposure  as.  given  above 
applies  to  empty  rooms  of  tight  construction  containing  smooth, 
hard  surfaces;  the  maximum  number  of  hours'  exposure  applying 
in  all  cases  to  textile  and  other  articles  of  a  similar  kind  requiring 
more  or  less  penetration. 

172.  Autoclave  under  pressure. — This  method  has  considerable 
penetrating  power  when  applied  as  detailed  below.  Rooms  or 
apartments  need  no  special  preparation  beyond  the  ordinary  closing 
of  doors  and  windows.     Pasting,  calking,  or  chinking  of  ordinary 


43 

cracks  and  crevices  is  not  necessary.  The  doors  of  lockers  and 
closets  and  the  drawers  of  bureaus  should  be  opened.  In  this 
apparatus  use  formalin  (40  per  cent),  with  the  addition  of  a  neutral 
salt,  such  as  calcium  chloride  (20  per  cent).  The  gas  must  be 
evolved  under  a  pressure  not  less  than  45  pounds.  After  the  gas 
is  separated  from  its  watery  solution  the  pressure  may  be  allowed 
to  fall  and  steam  projected  into  the  compartment  to  supply  the 
necessary  moisture.  Use  not  less  than  10  ounces  of  formalin  per 
1,000  cubic  feet,  and  keep  the  room  closed  for  3  to  12  hours  after  the 
completion  of  the  process.  For  large  rooms  the  gas  must  be  intro- 
duced at  several  points  as  far  apart  as  possible.  It  is  applicable  to 
the  disinfection  of  clothing  and  fabrics  suspended  loosely  in  such  a 
manner  that  every  article  is  freely  accessible  to  the  gas  from  all 
directions. 

173.  Lamp  generator. — This  method  requires  an  apparatus  pro- 
ducing formaldehyde  by  a  partial  oxidation  of  wood  alcohol,  and 
in  using  it  the  room  or  apartment  should  be  rendered  tight  as  prac- 
ticable. Oxidize  24  ounces  of  wood  alcohol  per  1,000  cubic  feet  and 
keep  the  room  closed  for  6  to  18  hours,  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  paragraph  160.  This  method  leaves  little  or  no  odor. 
When  applied  to  clothing  and  textiles,  the  articles  should  be  sus- 
pended in  a  tight  room  and  so  disposed  as  to  permit  free  access  of 
the  gas.  (See  also  par.  171.)  The  wood  alcohol  should  be  of  95 
per  cent  strength,  and  should  not  contain  more  than  5  per  cent  of 
acetone. 

174.  Spraying. — The  formalin  (40  per  cent)  should  be  sprayed  on 
sheets  suspended  in  the  room  in  such  a  manner  that  the  solution 
remains  in  small  drops  on  the  sheet.  Spray  not  less  than  10  ounces 
of  formalin  f40  per  cent)  for  each  1,000  cubic  feet.  Used  in  this  way 
a  sheet  will  hold  about  5  ounces  without  dripping  or  the  drops  run- 
ning together.  The  room  must  be  very  tightly  sealed  in  disinfecting 
with  this  process,  and  kept  closed  not  less  than  12  hours.  The 
method  is  limited  to  rooms  or  apartments  not  exceeding  2,000  cubic 
feet.  The  formalin  may  also  be  sprayed  upon  the  walls,  floors,  and 
objects  in  the  room.  This  method  is  markedly  interfered  with  by, 
and  is  not  to  be  relied  on,  at  low  temperatures,  say  below  72°  F. 


44 

At  43.5^  F.  very  little  formaldehyde  is  liberated,  the  formaldehyde 
being  pol>Tnerized  on  the  sheets. 

175.  Formaldehyde  ivith  dry  heat  in  partial  vacuum. — This  method 
has  superior  penetrating  powers  and  is  especially  applicable  to 
clothing  and  baggage.  The  requirements  of  this  method  are  (1)  dry 
heat  of  60°  C.  sustained  for  one  hour;  (2)  a  vacuum  of  15  inches;  (3) 
formaldehyde  evolved  from  a  mixture  of  formalin  with  a  neutral 
salt,  in  an  autoclave  under  pressiu-e,  using  not  less  than  30  ounces  of 
formalin  (40  per  cent)  for  1,000  cubic  feet;  and  (4)  a  total  exposure, 
under  these  combined  conditions,  of  one  hour.  ^ 

176.  Chemical,  as — 

(1)  Formalin  permanganate  method. — When  formalin  is  pom'ed 
over  crystals  of  permanganate  of  potash  a  vigorous  reaction  takes 
place  and  a  large  quantity  of  formaldehyde  gas  is  liberated.  Reac- 
tion is  over  in  a  short  time,  five  minutes,  and  if  a  proper  proportion 
of  substance  is  used,  the  residue  is  almost  dry.  The  proportion  is  2 
pints  of  formalin  to  1  pound  of  permanganate  of  potash.  One  pint 
of  formalin  for  1,000  cubic  feet  of  space  should  be  used  if  the  tem- 
perature is  60°  F.  or  less;  a  less  amount  may  be  used  for  higher 
tempera tm*es,  but  not  less  than  10  ounces  per  1,000  cubic  feet.  This 
method  is  extremely  efficient  on  account  of  the  rapidity  with  which 
the  gas  is  liberated,  but  the  danger  of  fire  should  be  guarded  against, 
as  the  formaldehyde  gas,  being  in  a  comparatively  dry  state,  is 
inflammable  in  the  presence  of  a  light,  such  as  lighted  matches, 
lamps,  etc. 

(2)  Formalin-aluminum  sulphate-lime  method. — Add  1  part  sul- 
phate of  aluminum  to  2  parts  of  hot  water.  One  part  of  this  solution 
is  added  to  2  parts  of  formalin  (both  by  volume).  One  part  of  this 
second  solution  is  poured  on  2  parts  of  unslaked  lime  (quicklime), 
broken  into  small  particles.  The  process  of  liberation  of  formalde- 
hyde gas  is  completed  in  about  20  minutes.  This  method  is  not  as 
efficient  as  the  previous  one,  as  less  than  half  the  amount  of  formal- 
dehyde gas  is  yielded  from  the  same  amount  of  formalin.  Two  pints 
of  formalin  per  1,000  cubic  feet  of  space  should  be  used  if  the  tem- 
perature is  60°  F.  or  less. 

1  It  should  be  noted  that  formaldehyde  disinfection  is  more  efficient  in  warm, 
moist,  or  still  weather  than  in  cold,  drj^,  or  windy  weather. 


45 

AGENTS  FOR  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  VERMIN,  I.  E.,  RATS,  FLEAS,  LICE, 

MOSQUITOES,  ETC. 

(FUNNEL    GASES.) 

177.  The  oxides  of  carbon  are  efficient  to  destroy  rats,  but  do 
not  kill  fleas  or  other  insects.  They  are  obtained  by  burning  carbon, 
coke,  or  charcoal,  in  special  apparatus,  and  the  gas  as  produced 
consists  of  about  5  per  cent  carbon  monoxide,  18  per  cent  carbon 
dioxide,  and  77  per  cent  nitrogen.  Twenty  kilos  of  carbon,  coke, 
or  charcoal  are  used  for  every  1,000  meters  of  space.  The  gas 
is  allowed  to  remain  in  the  ship  for  two  hours,  and  from  seven  to 
eight  hours  are  allowed  for  it  to  leave.  This  is  about  equivalent  to 
IJ  pounds  of  carbon  (coke)  to  1,000  cubic  feet  of  air  space.  As  this 
gas  is  very  fatal  to  man  and  gives  no  warning  of  its  presence,  being 
odorless,  a  small  amount  of  sulphur  dioxide  should  be  added  to  give 
warning  of  its  presence.  As  it  does  not  kill  fleas,  it  can  not  be  depended 
on  for  complete  work,  where  there  is  evidence  of  plague  among  rats 
on  the  vessel,  as  the  infected  fleas  would  infect  the  rats  coming 
aboard  after  the  deratization. 

PYRETHRUM. 

178.  The  fumes  of  burning  pyrethrum  may  be  used  to  destroy 
mosquitoes  when  other  fumigants  are  not  available  or  where 
they  can  not  be  used.  Four  pounds  per  1,000  cubic  feet  of  space 
for  two  hours'  exposure  with  thia  amount,  all  or  practically  all  of 
the  mosquitoes  will  be  killed,  but  precautions  should  be  taken  to 
sweep  up  and  destroy  any  that  may  have  escaped.  Pyrethrum 
stains  walls  and  paper,  and  is  the  least  reliable  of  the  culecides. 

HYDROCYANIC-ACID   GAS. 

179.  Hydrocyanic -acid  gas  is  the  most  penetrating  and  the 
most  toxic  of  all  fumigants.  It  is  easily  and  quickly  generated, 
requires  very  little  apparatus,  is  not  destructive  to  inanimate  ob- 
jects, and  in  the  hands  of  experienced  operators  and  safeguarded 
by  certain  precautionary  measures  its  use  is  not  attended  by 
unusual  dangers. 


46 

This  gas  is  generated  by  the  mixture  of  water,  sulphuric  acid  and 
a  cyanide  salt,  either  potassium^  or  sodium  in  the  following  pro- 
portions : 

To  each  ounce  of  potassium  cyanide  1  fluid  ounce  of  commercial 
sulphuric  acid  66B  and  2 J  fluid  ounces  of  water  shall  be  used. 

To  each  ounce  of  sodium  cj^anide  1^  ounces  of  commercial  sul- 
phuric acid  66B  and  2  fluid  ounces  of  water  shall  be  used. 

All  ingredients  shall  be  weighed  and  mixed  immediately  prior  to 
each  fumigation. 

All  parts  of  the  vessel  shall  be  placed  under  fumigation  simul- 
taneously except  such  compartments  as  may  not  require  fumiga- 
tion in  the  opinion  of  a  representative  of  the  United  States  Public 
Health  Service. 

The  paraphernalia  required  includes  a  tight  wooden  barrel  (pref- 
erably of  oak)  for  use  in  holds ;  earthenware  crocks  or  jars  for  smaller 
compartments,  and  earthenware  jugs  or  carboys  as  acid  containers. 

In  the  fumigation  of  superstructures,  the  acid  and  water  are 
mixed  after  all  openings  have  been  sealed  except  the  exit  for  the 
operator.  Finally  the  operator  drops  the  cyanide  into  the  acid 
water  by  hand  and  hastily  leaves  the  apartment,  the  door  of  exit 
being  quickly  sealed. 

On  account  of  the  great  danger  to  human  life  from  hydrocyanic 
acid  gas,  specific  arrangements  should  be  made  for  the  disposition 
of  the  crew  during  the  fumigation  process,  especially  if  one  or  two 
compartments  of  a  vessel  are  to  be  treated.  A  written  statement 
must  be  obtained  from  the  captain  or  first  ofl&cer  of  the  vessel  that 
the  latter  is  ready  for  fumigation,  and  that  every  member  of  the 
crew  has  been  accounted  for,  as  not  being  in  the  vessel  or  else  not  • 
exposed  to  the  fumes  of  the  gas.  Persons  in  one  compartment  have 
been  killed  by  fumes  escaping  from  another  compartment  under- 
going fumigation.  Compartments  above  deck  should  have  danger 
labels  pasted  on  doorways  after  fumigation  has  commenced. 

2  (Commercial  cyanide  of  potash  not  infrequently  has  a  fused  chloride  blended  with 
it.  Such  preparations  should  not  be  used  as  the  chloride  affects  the  generation  of 
the  gas. 


47 

When  a  vessel  is  fumigated  with  cyanide  gas,  no  one  shall  be  per- 
mitted to  enter  the  various  compartments  of  the  ship  until  entry  to 
such  space  is  declared  safe  by  the  medical  officer  in  charge  of  the 
fumigation. 

Subsequent  to  opening  hatches,  companionways  and  ports,  not 
less  than  15  minutes  shall  elapse  before  any  one  shall  enter  the 
superstructure,  such  as  staterooms,  cabins,  saloon,  or  forecastle, 
and  not  less  than  one  hour  before  entering  the  holds.  This  is  the 
minimum  and  the  time  will  be  prolonged  according  to  the  discretion 
of  the  officer  in  charge. 

If  artificial  means  for  ventilation,  such  as  blower  or  fan,  are  not 
available,  windsails  shipped  into  place  should  be  utilized  for  aera- 
tion of  hold.     All  hatch  covering  shall  be  removed. 

Before  declaring  it  safe  to  enter  holds,  a  captive  animal  (guinea- 
pig,  rat,  cat,  etc.)  shall  be  lowered  and  exposed  to  the  aerial  con- 
tent of  such  compartments,  and  the  effects  produced,  if  any,  shall 
be  a  guide  in  estimating  the  amount  of  gas  present  in  dangerous 
quantity.    " 

After  measures  have  been  taken  to  free  compartments  of  cyanide 
fumes,  and  the  application  of  test  by  captive  animal  indicates  suffici- 
ent dissipation  of  the  gas  to  make  entering  the  compartments  a  safe 
procedure,  they  should  be  entered  in  all  parts  by  one  of  the  fumi- 
gators  or  by  the  officer  himself.  This  shall  be  done  as  a  final  step 
before  the  officer  declares  the  vessel  safe  to  be  entered  by  the  per- 
sonnel connected  with  the  vessel. 

Decision  as  to  safety  of  entering  compartments  shall  be  made  by 
the  officer  in  charge  of  the  fumigation  and  on  board  the  vessel  con- 
cerned; but  during  the  interval  between  the  sealing  of  compart- 
ments undergoing  fumigation  and  the  time  appointed  for  determin- 
ing the  safety  of  entering,  the  officer  may  designate  a  trustworthy 
employee,  or  employees,  to  attend  to  the  op'  ning  up  of  compart- 
ments, the  supervising  of  installation  of  bl-jwer  or  windsail,  and 
the  prevention  of  any  persons  entering  compartments  before  per- 
mission of  the  officer  in  charge. 


48 

FUMIGATION  STANDARDS. 

180.  The  strength  of  cyanide  gas  and  the  duration  of  exposure 
varies  with  the  object  sought.  The  servdce  standards  in  this  respect 
are  as  follows: 

(a)  For  destruction  of  mosquitoes:  One-half  ounce  of  sodium  cy- 
anide per  thousand  cubic  feet  of  space,   exposure  one-half  hour. 

(6)  For  destruction  of  fleas:  Two  and  one-half  ounces  of  sodium 
cyanide  per  thousand  cubic  feet  of  space,  exposure  one-half  hour. 
This  is  of  academic  interest  only,  as  in  practice  ships  are  not  fumi- 
gated for  flea  destruction  only,  but  always  with  the  idea  of  rat 
destruction  as  well  as  flea  destruction. 

(c)  For  destruction  of  rodents  (rats  and  mice):  Five  ounces  of 
sodium  cyanide  per  thousand  cubic  feet  of  space,  exposure  for  two 
hours. 

(d)  For  destruction  of  lice:  Ten  ounces  of  sodium  cyanide  per 
thousand  cubic  feet  of  space,  exposure  for  two  hours. 

(e)  For  destruction  of  bedbugs:  Five  ounces  of  sodium  cyanide 
per  thousand  cubic  feet  of  space,  exposure  for  one  hour. 

The  above  standards  apply  to  empty  holds  and  superstructures, 
except  storerooms  that  have  a  large  quantit}''  of  stores.  In  cargo- 
laden  holds  or  in  well-packed  storerooms  the  length  of  exposure 
shall  be  doubled. 

181.  The  standard  for  sulphur  dioxide  as  to  strength  and  exposure 
is  as  follows: 

(a)  For  mosquito  destruction:  Two  pounds  of  sulphur  per  thousand 
cubic  feet  of  space,  exposure  for  one  hour. 

(b)  For  destruction  of  lice:  Four  pounds  of  sulphur  per  thousand 
cubic  feet  of  space,  exposure  for  six  hours. 

(c)  For  destruction  of  rats  (fleas):  Three  pounds  of  sulphur  per 
thousand  cubic  feet  of  space,  exposm^e  for  six  hours. 

The  above  standard  is  for  superstructure,  partially  filled  store- 
rooms, and  empty  holds.  For  cargo-laden  holds  and  well-filled 
storerooms,  or  in  compartments  that  are  packed  with  materials,  the 
time  of  exposure  should  be  doubled. 


49 

GENERAL   DETAILS   IN   THE   FUMIGATION    OF    VESSELS. 

182.  For  computing  the  air  space  of  a  vessel  a  registered  ton  should 
be  estimated  as  containing  100  cubic  feet.  A  vessel  of  1,000  net  ton- 
nage would,  therefore,  contain  100,000  cubic  feet  of  air  space  in  the 
holds  alone,  since  net  tonnage  indicates  the  cargo  carrying  capacity 
in  contradistinction  to  the  gross  tonnage  which  indicates  the  ship's 
total  cubic  capacity. 

183.  The  cubic  capacity  of  crews'  quarters,  cabins,  engine  room, 
poop  deck,  or  other  above-deck  compartments  have  to  be  computed 
for  each  individual  compartment. 

184.  The  various  details  in  connection  with  the  fumigation  of  ves- 
sels are  of  almost  equal  importance  as  the  nature  of  the  fumigant 
used,  and  the  observation  of  these  details  to  a  large  extent  determines 
the  effectiveness  or  the  inefficiency  of  the  fumigation.  All  possible 
care  should  be  observed  by  the  quarantine  officer  to  see  that  dead 
space  in  the  vessel  is  opened  up  and  all  practical  measures  should 
be  taken  to  aid  in  the  diffusion  of  the  fumigating  gas,  and  this  is 
especially  important  when  sulphur  dioxide  is  used.  All  dunnage 
and  loose  material  from  the  holds  of  a  vessel  that  is  not  cargo  laden 
should  be  arranged  in  compact  order  and  placed  on  elevated  plat- 
forms to  avoid  rat  harborage.  If  sulphur  dioxide  is  generated  in  a 
furnace  and  lead  into  the  vessel,  it  should  be  introduced  at  the 
lowest  point  and  the  hatches  left  open  for  a  short  while  so  as  to  permit 
of  the  escape  of  air  and  hasten  diffusion  of  the  sulphur  fumes.  Pipe 
casing  should  be  opened  up  and  from  one  end  of  the  vessel  to  the 
other  there  should  be  a  certain  number  of  limber  boards  removed  so 
as  to  permit  of  penetration  of  the  gas  into  the  bilges.  Any  planked 
over  space  between  the  outer  and  the  inner  sheathing  of  a  vessel 
should  also  be  freely  opened,  and  wherever  there  is  dead  space 
it  should  be  opened  up  so  that  there  will  be  free  circulation  of  the  gas. 
Careful  attention  should  be  given  to  lifeboats,  which  are  often  in- 

•fested  by  rats  which  resort  to  these  places  for  water.  Preferably, 
lifeboats  should  be  cleaned  and  flooded  by  water  prior  to  fumigation. 
Very  close  attention  should  be  given  to  the  poop  deck,  which  is  a 
space  frequently  containing  a  heterogeneous  collection  of  litter  and 

181214—20 — 4 


50 

is  generally  badly  rat  infested.  In  general,  the  engine  room  and 
fireroom  do  not  harbor  rats,  but  in  the  treatment  of  a  plague-infested 
vessel  they  should  be  fumigated. 

QUARANTINE    LAWS   OF   THE    UNITED    STATES. 


An  Act  Granting  additional  quarantine  powers  and  imposing  additional  duties  upon 
the  Marine-Hospital  Service. 

[Approved,  February  15,  1S93.] 

Be  it  enacted  hy  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  it  shall  be  unlawful 
for  any  merchant  ship  or  other  vessel  from  any  foreign  port  or  place 
of  [to]  enter  any  port  of  the  United  States  except  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  this  act  and  with  such  rules  and  regulations  of 
State  and  municipal  health  authorities  as  may  be  made  in  pursuance 
of,  or  consistent  with,  this  act;  and  any  such  vessel  wliich  shall  enter, 
or  attempt  to  enter,  a  port  of  the  United  States  in  violation  thereof 
shall  forfeit  to  the  United  States  a  sum,  to  be  awarded  in  the  discre- 
tion of  the  court,  not  exceeding  five  thousand  dollars,  which  shall  be 
a  lien  upon  said  vessel,  to  be  recovered  by  proceedings  in  the  proper 
district  court  of  the  United  States.  In  all  such  proceedings  the 
United  States  district  attorney  for  such  district  shall  appear  on  behalf 
of  the  United  States;  and  all  such  proceedings  shall  be  conducted  in 
accordance  with  the  rules  and  laws  governing  cases  of  seizure  of 
vessels  for  violation  of  the  revenue  laws  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  2.  That  any  vessel  at  any  foreign  port  clearing  for  any  port  or 
place  in  the  United  States  shall  be  required  to  obtain  from  the  consul, 
vice-consul,  or  other  consular  officer  of  the  United  States  at  the  port 
of  departure,  or  from  the  medical  officer  where  such  officer  has  been 
detailed  by  the  President  for  that  purpose,  a  bill  of  health,  in  dupli- 
cate, in  the  form  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  setting 
forth  the  sanitary  history  and  condition  of  said  vessel,  and  that  it 
has  in  all  respects  complied  with  the  rules  and  regulations  in  such 
cases  prescribed  for  securing  the  best  sanitary  condition  of  the  said 


51 

vessel,  its  cargo,  passengers,  and  crew;  and  said  consular  or  medical 
officer  is  required,  before  granting  such  duplicate  bill  of  health,  to 
be  satisfied  that  the  matters  and  things  therein  stated  are  true;  and 
for  his  services  in  that  behalf  he  shall  be  entitled  to  demand  and 
receive  such  fees  as  shall  by  lawful  regulation  be  allowed,  to  be 
accounted  for  as  is  required  in  other  cases. 

The  President,  in  his  discretion,  is  authorized  to  detail  any  medical 
officer  of  the  Government  to  serve  in  the  office  of  the  consul  at  any 
foreign  port  for  the  purpose  of  furnishing  information  and  making 
the  inspection  and  giving  the  bills  of  health  hereinbefore  mentioned . 
Any  vessel  clearing  and  sailing  from  any  such  port  without  such 
bill  of  health,  and  entering  any  port  of  the  United  States,  shall  for- 
feit to  the  United  States  not  more  than  five  thousand  dollars,  the 
amount  to  be  determined  by  the  court,  which  shall  be  a  lien  on  the 
same,  to  be  recovered  by  proceedings  in  the  proper  district  court  of 
the  United  States.  In  all  such  procee'dings  the  United  States  dis- 
trict attorney  for  such  district  shall  appear  on  behalf  of  the  United 
States;  and  all  such  proceedings  shall  be  conducted  in  accordance 
with  the  rules  and  laws  governing  cases  of  seizure  of  vessels  for 
violation  of  the  revenue  laws  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  Super^asing  Surgeon-General  of  the  Marine- 
Hospital  Service  shall,  immediately  after  this  act  takes  effect, 
examine  the  quarantine  regulations  of  all  State  and  municipal 
boards  of  health,  and  shall,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  cooperate  with  and  aid  State  and  municipal  boards  of 
health  in  the  execution  and  enforcement  of  the  rules  and  regulations 
of  such  boards  and  in  the  execution  and  enforcement  of  the  rules  and 
regulations  made  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  to  prevent  the 
introduction  of  contagious  or  infectious  diseases  into  the  United 
States  from  foreign  countries,  and  into  one  State  or  Territory  or  the 
District  of  Columbia  from  another  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of 
Columbia;  and  all  rules  and  regulations  made  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  shall  operate  uniformly  and  in  no  manner  discriminate 
against  any  port  or  place;  and  at  such  ports  and  places  within  the 
United  States  as  have  no  quarantine  regulations  under  State  or  munici- 
pal authority,  where  such  regulations  are,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Secre- 


52 

tary  of  the  Treasury,  necessary  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  conta- 
gious or  infectious  diseases  into  the  United  States  from  foreign  coun- 
tries, or  into  one  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Cohimbia  from 
another  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  at  such  ports 
and  places  witliin  the  United  States  where  quarantine  regulations  exist 
under  the  authority  of  the  State  or  municipality  which,  in  the  opinion 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasiu-y ,  are  not  sufficient  to  prevent  the  intro- 
duction of  such  diseases  into  the  United  States,  or  into  one  State  or 
Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia  from  another  State  or  Territory 
or  the  District  of  Columbia,  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall,  if 
in  his  judgment  it  is  necessary  and  proper,  make  such  additional 
rules  and  regulations  as  are  necessary  to  prevent  the  introduction  of 
such  diseases  into  the  United  States  from  foreign  countries,  or  into 
one  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia  from  another  State 
or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  when  said  rules  and 
regulations  have  been  madfe  they  shall  be  promulgated  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  enforced  by  the  sanitary  authorities  of 
the  States  and  municipalities,  where  the  State  or  municipal  health 
authorities  will  undertake  to  execute  and  enforce  them;  but  if  the 
State  or  municipal  authorities  shall  fail  or  refuse  to  enforce  said  rules 
and  regulations  the  President  shall  execute  and  enforce  the  same  and 
adopt  such  measures  as  in  his  judgment  shall  be  necessary  to  prevent 
the  introduction  or  spread  of  such  diseases,  and  may  detail  or  appoint 
officers  for  that  purpose.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  make 
such  rules  and  regulations  as  are  necessary  to  be  observed  by  vessels 
at  the  port  of  departure  and  on  the  voyage,  where  such  vessels  sail 
from  any  foreign  port  or  place  to  any  port  or  place  in  the  United 
States,  to  secure  the  best  sanitary  condition  of  such  vessel,  her  cargo, 
passengers,  and  crew;  which  shall  be  published  and  communicated 
to  and  enforced  by  the  consular  officers  of  the  United  States.  None 
of  the  penalties  herein  imposed  shall  attach  to  any  vessel  or  owner  or 
officer  thereof  until  a  copy  of  this  act,  with  the  rules  and  regulations 
made  in  pursuance  thereof,  has  been  posted  up  in  the  office  of  the 
consul  or  other  consular  officer  of  the  United  States  for  ten  days,  in 
the  port  from  which  said  vessel  sailed;  and  the  certificate  of  such 


53 

C3nsiil  or  consular  officer  over  his  official  signature  shall  be  compe- 
tent evidence  of  such  posting  in  any  court  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  4.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Supervising  Surgeon- 
General  of  the  Marine-Hospital  Service,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  to  perform  all  the  duties  in  respect  to 
quarantine  and  quarantine  regulations  which  are  provided  for  by 
this  act,  and  to  obtain  information  of  the  sanitary  condition  of 
foreign  ports  and  places  from  which  contagious  and  infectious  dis- 
eases are  or  may  be  imported  into  the  United  States,  and  to  this  end 
the  consular  officer  of  the  United  States  at  such  ports  and  places  as 
shall  be  designated  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  make  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  weekly  reports  of  the  sanitary  condi- 
tion of  the  ports  and  places  at  which  they  are  respectively  stationed, 
according  to  such  forms  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  pre- 
scribe; and  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  also  obtain,  through 
all  sources  accessible,  including  State  and  municipal  sanitary  au- 
thorities throughout  the  United  States,  weekly  reports  of  the  sani- 
tary condition  of  ports  and  places  within  the  United  States,  and 
shall  prepare,  publish,  and  transmit  to  collectors  of  customs  and  to 
State  and  municipal  health  officers  and  other  sanitarians  weekly 
abstracts  of  the  consular  sanitary  reports  and  other  pertinent  infor- 
mation received  by  him,  and  shall  also,  as  far  as  he  may  be  able, 
by  means  of  the  voluntary  cooperation  of  State  and  municipal 
authorities,  of  public  associations,  and  private  persons,  procure 
information  relating  to  the  climatic  and  other  conditions  affecting 
the  public  health,  and  shall  make  an  annual  report  of  his  operations 
to  Congress,  with  such  recommendations  as  he  may  deem  important 
to  the  public  interests. 

Sec.  5,  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  from  time  to 
time  issue  to  the  consular  officers  of  the  United  States  and  to  the 
medical  officers  serving  at  any  foreign  port,  and  otherwise  make 
publicly  known,  the  rules  and  regulations  made  by  him,  to  be  used 
and  complied  with  by  vessels  in  foreign  ports,  for  securing  the  best 
sanitary  condition  of  such  vessels,  their  cargoes,  passengers,  and 
crew,  before  their  departure  for  any  part  in  the  United  States,  and 


54 

in  the  course  of  the  voyage;  and  all  such  other  rules  and  regulations 
as  shall  be  observed  in  the  inspection  of  the  same  on  the  arrival 
thereof  at  any  quarantine  station  at  the  port  of  destination,  and  for 
the  disinfection  and  isolation  of  the  same,  and  the  treatment  of 
cargo  and  persons  on  board,  so  as  to  prevent  the  introduction  of 
cholera,  yellow  fever,  or  other  contagious  or  infectious  diseases;  and 
it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  vessel  to  enter  said  port  to  discharge  its 
cargo,  or  land  its  passengers,  except  upon  a  certificate  of  the  health 
officer  at  such  quarantine  station  certifying  that  said  rules  and  regu- 
lations have  in  all  respects  been  observed  and  complied  with,  as 
well  on  his  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  said  vessel  and  its  master,  in 
respect  to  the  same  and  to  its  cargo,  passengers,  and  crew;  and  the 
master  of  every  such  vessel  shall  produce  and  deliver  to  the  collector 
of  customs  at  said  port  of  entry,  together  with  the  other  papers  of 
the  vessel,  the  said  bills  of  health  required  to  be  obtained  at  the 
port  of  departure  and  the  certificate  herein  required  to  be  obtained 
from  the  health  officer  at  the  port  of  entry;  and  that  the  bills  of 
health  herein  prescribed  shall  be  considered  as  part  of  the  ship's 
papers,  and  when  duly  certified  to  by  the  proper  consular  officer  or 
other  officer  of  the  United  States,  over  his  official  signature  and  seal, 
shall  be  accepted  as  evidence  of  the  statements  therein  contained 
in  any  court  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  6.  That  on  the  arrival  of  an  infected  vessel  at  any  port  not 
provided  with  proper  facilities  for  treatment  of  the  same,  the  Sec- 
rectary  of  the  Treasury  may  remand  said  vessel,  at  its  own  expense, 
to  the  nearest  national  or  other  quarantine  station,  where  accommo- 
dations and  appliances  are  provided  for  the  necessary  disinfection 
and  treatment  of  the  vessel,  passengers,  and  cargo;  and  after  treat- 
ment of  any  infected  vessel  at  a  national  quarantine  station^  and 
after  certificate  shall  have  been  given  by  the  United  States  quaran- 
tine officer  at  said  station  that  the  vessel,  cargo,  and  passengers  are 
each  and  all  free  from  infectious  disease,  or  danger  of  conveying  the 
same,  said  vessel  shall  be  admitted  to  entry  to  any  port  of  the  United 
States  named  within  the  certificate.  But  at  any  ports  where  suffi- 
cient quarantine  provisions  has  been  made  by  State  or  local  authori- 


55 

ties  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  direct  vessels  bound  for  said 
ports  to  undergo  quarantine  at  said  State  or  local  station. 

Sec,  7.  That  whenever  it  shall  be  shown  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
President  that  by  reason  of  the  existence  of  cholera  or  other  infec- 
tious or  contagious  diseases  in  a  foreign  country  there  is  serious  dan- 
ger of  the  introduction  of  the  same  into  the  United  States,  and  that 
notwithstanding  the  quarantine  defense  this  danger  is  so  increased 
by  the  introduction  of  persons  or  property  from  such  country  that  a 
suspension  of  the  right  to  introduce  the  same  is  demanded  in  the 
interest  of  the  public  health,  the  President  shall  have  power  to  pro- 
hibit, in  whole  or  in  part,  the  introduction  of  persons  and  property 
from  such  countries  or  places  as  he  shall  designate  and  for  such 
period  of  time  as  he  may  deem  necessary. 

Sec.  8.  That  whenever  the  proper  authorities  of  a  State  shall  sur- 
render to  the  United  States  the  use  of  the  buildings  and  disinfecting 
apparatus  at  a  State  quarantine  station  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
shall  be  authorized  to  receive  them  and  to  pay  a  reasonable  com- 
pensation to  the  State  for  their  use,  if,  in  his  opinion,  they  are  neces- 
sary to  the  United  States. 

Sec,  9.  That  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  prevent  the  introduction 
of  infectious  or  contagious  diseases  into  the  United  States,  and  to 
establish  a  national  board  of  health,"  approved  March  3,  1879,  be, 
and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed .  And  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury is  directed  to  obtain  possession  of  any  property,  furniture,  books, 
paper,  or  records  belonging  to  the  United  States  which  are  not  in  the 
possession  of  an  officer  of  the  United  States  under  the  Treasury  De- 
partment which  were  formerly  in  the  use  of  the  National  Board  of 
Health  or  any  officer  or  employee  thereof. 

[Act  of  Congress  approved  August  18, 1891.1 

An  Act  To  amend  section  two  of  the  act  approved  February  fifteenth,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  ninetj'-three,  entitled  ''An  act  granting  additional  quarantine  powers 
and  imposing  additional  duties  upon  the  Marine-Hospital  Service." 

Be  it  enacted  hy  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  section  two  of  the  act 
approved  February  fifteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-three, 


56 

entitled  "An  act  granting  additional  quarantine  powers  and  impos- 
ing additional  duties  upon  the  Marine-Hospital  Service,"  is  hereby 
amended  by  adding  to  the  end  of  said  section  the  following: 

"The  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to  vessels  plying 
between  foreign  ports  on  or  near  the  frontiers  of  the  United  States 
and  ports  of  the  United  States  adjacent  thereto;  but  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  is  hereby  authorized,  when,  in  his  discretion,  it  is  expe- 
dient for  the  preservation  of  the  public  health,  to  establish  regula- 
tions governing  such  vessels." 

REVISED    STATUTES. 

Sec.  4794.  There  shall  be  purchased  or  erected,  under  the  orders 
of  the  President,  suitable  warehouses,  with  wharves  and  inclosures, 
where  merchandise  may  be  unladen  and  deposited,  from  any  vessel 
which  shall  be  subject  to  a  quarantine  or  other  restraint,  pursuant  to 
the  health  laws  of  any  State,  at  such  convenient  places  therein  as 
the  safety  of  the  public  revenue  and  the  observance  of  such  health 
laws  may  require. 

Sec.  4795.  Whenever  the  cargo  of  a  vessel  is  unladen  at  some 
other  place  than  the  port  of  entry  or  delivery  under  the  foregoing 
provisions,  all  the  articles  of  such  cargo  shall  be  deposited,  at  the 
risk  of  the  parties  concerned  therein,  in  such  public  or  other  ware- 
houses or  inclosures  as  the  collector  shall  designate,  there  to  remain 
under  the  joint  custody  of  such  collector  and  of  the  owner,  or  master 
or  other  person  having  charge  of  such  vessel,  until  the  same  are 
entirely  unladen  or  discharged,  and  until  the  articles  so  deposited 
may  be  safely  removed  without  contravening  such  health  laws.  And 
when  such  removal  is  allowed,  the  collector  having  charge  of  such 
articles  may  grant  permits  to  the  respective  owners  or  consignees, 
their  factors  or  agents,  to  receive  all  merchandise  which  has  been 
entered,  and  the  duties  accruing  upon  which  have  been  paid,  upon 
the  payment  by  them  of  a  reasonable  rate  of  storage;  which  shall  be 
fixed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  for  all  public  warehouses  and 
inclosures. 

Sec.  4796!  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  authorized,  whenever 
a  conformity  to  such  quarantines  and  health  laws  requires  it,  and  in 


57 

respect  to  vessels  subject  thereto,  to  prolong  the  terms  limited  for 
the  entry  of  the  same  and  the  report  or  entry  of  their  cargoes,  and  to 
vary  or  dispense  with  any  other  regulations  applicable  to  such  reports 
or  entries.  No  part  of  the  cargo  of  any  vessel  shall,  however,  in  any 
case,  be  taken  out  or  unladen  therefrom  otherwise  than  is  allowed  by 
law,  or  according  to  the  regulations  hereinafter  established. 

Sec.  4797.  Whenever,  by  the  prevalence  of  any  contagious  or 
epidemic  disease  in  or  near  the  place  by  law  established  as  the  port 
of  entry  for  any  collection  district,  it  becomes  dangerous  or  incon- 
venient for  the  officers  of  the  revenue  employed  therein  to  con- 
tinue the  discharge  of  their  respective  offices  at  such  port,  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury,  or,  in  his  absence,  the  First  Comptroller,  may 
direct  the  removal  of  the  officers  of  the  revenue  from  such  port  to 
any  other  more  convenient  place  within  or  as  near  as  may  be  to  such 
collection  district.  And  at  such  place  such  officers  may  exercise 
the  same  powers  and  shall  be  liable  to  the  same  duties,  according  to 
existing  circumstances,  as  in  the  port  or  district  established  by  law. 
Public  notice  of  any  such  removal  shall  be  given  as  soon  as  may  be 
[See  §  1776.] 

Sec.  4798.  In  case  of  the  prevalence  of  a  contagious  or  epidemic 
disease  at  the  seat  of  Government,  the  President  may  permit  and 
direct  the  removal  of  any  or  all  the  public  offices  to  such  other  place 
or  places  as  he  shall  deem  most  safe  and  convenient  for  conducting 
the  public  business.     [See  §  1776.] 

Sec.  4799.  Whenever,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Chief  Justice,  or,  in 
case  of  his  death  or  inability,  of  the  senior  associate  justice,  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  a  contagious  or  epidemic  sickness  shall  render  it 
hazardous  to  hold  the  next  stated  session  of  the  court  at  the  seat  of 
Government,  the  chief  or  such  associate  justice  may  issue  his  order 
to  the  marshal  of  the  Supreme  Court  directing  him  to  adjourn  the 
next  session  of  the  court  to  such  other  place  as  such  justice  deems 
convenient.  The  marshal  shall  thereupon  adjourn  the  court  by 
making  publication  thereof  in  one  or  more  public  papers  printed  at 
the  seat  of  Government  from  the  time  he  shall  receive  such  order 
until  the  time  by  law  prescribed  for  commencing  the  session.     The 


58 

several  circuits  and  district  judges  shall,  respectively,  under  the 
same  circumstances,  have  the  same  power,  by  the  same  means,  to 
direct  adjournments  of  the  several  circuit  and  district  courts  to 
some  convenient  place  within  their  districts,  respectively.  [See  § 
1176.] 

Sec.  4800.  The  judge  of  any  district  court  within  whose  district 
any  contagious  or  epidemic  disease  shall  at  any  time  prevail,  so  as, 
in  his  opinion,  to  endanger  the  lives  of  persons  confined  in  the  prison 
of  such  district,  in  pursuance  of  any  law  of  the  United  States,  may 
direct  the  marshal  to  cause  the  persons  so  confined  to  be  removed  to 
the  next  adjacent  prison  where  such  disease  does  not  prevail,  there 
to  be  confined  until  they  may  safely  be  removed  back  to  the  place  of 
their  first  confinement.  Such  removals  shall  be  at  the  expense  of  the 
United  States. 

Sec.  4263.  The  master  of  any  vessel  employed  in  transporting  pas- 
sengers between  the  United  States  and  Eiu'ope  is  authorized  to 
maintain  good  discipline  and  such  habits  of  cleanliness  among  the 
passengers  as  will  tend  to  the  preservation  and  promotion  of  health, 
and  to  that  end  he  shall  cause  such  regulations  as  he  may  adopt  for 
this  purpose  to  be  posted  up,  before  sailing,  on  board  such  vessel,  in 
a  place  accessible  to  such  passengers,  and  shall  keep  the  same  so 
posted  up  during  the  voyage.  Such  master  shall  cause  the  apart- 
ments occupied  by  such  passengers  to  be  kept  at  all  times  in  a  clean, 
healthy  state;  and  the  owners  of  every  such  vessel  so  employed  are 
required  to  construct  the  decks  and  all  parts  of  the  apartments  so 
that  they  can  be  thoroughly  cleansed,  and  also  to  pro\dde  a  safe,  con- 
venient privy  or  water-closet  for  the  exclusive  use  of  every  one  hun- 
dred such  passengers.  The  master  shall  also,  when  the  weather 
is  such  that  the  passengers  can  not  be  mustered  on  deck  with  their 
bedding,  and  at  such  other  times  as  he  may  deem  necessary,  cause 
the  deck  occupied  by  such  passengers  to  be  cleansed  with  chloride 
of  lime  or  some  other  equally  efficient  disinfecting  agent.  And  for 
each  neglect  or  violation  of  any  of  the  pro^dsions  of  this  section  the 
master  and  owner  of  any  such  vessel  shall  be  severally  liable  to  the 
United  States  in  a  penalty  of  fifty  dollars,  to  be  recovered  in  any 


59 

circuit  or  district  court  within  the  jurisdiction  of  which  such  vessel 
may  arrive  or  from  which  she  is  about  to  depart,  or  at  any  place 
where  the  owner  or  master  may  be  found. 

[Extract  from  act  August  1, 1888.] 

Whenever  any  person  shall  trespass  upon  the  grounds  belonging 
to  any  quarantine  reservation,  *  *  *  such  person,  trespassing, 
*  *  *  shall,  upon  conviction  thereof,  pay  a  fine  of  not  more  than 
three  hundred  dollars,  or  be  sentenced  to  imprisonment  for  a  period 
of  not  more  than  thirty  days,  or  shall  be  punished  by  both  fine  and 
imprisonment,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court.  And  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  United  States  attorney  in  the  district  where  the  misde- 
meanor shall  have  been  committed  to  take  immediate  cognizance  of 
the  offense,  upon  report  made  to  him  by  any  medical  officer  of  the 
Marine-Hospital  Service,  or  by  any  officer  of  the  customs  service,  or 
by  any  State  dfficer  acting  under  authority  of  section  five  of  said  act. 

[Act  March  27, 1890.] 

An  Act  To  prevent  the  introduction  of  contagious  diseases  Irom  one  State  to  another 
and  for  the  punishment  of  certain  offenses. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  whenever  it  shall  be 
made  to  appear  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  President  that  cholera,  yel- 
low fever,  smallpox,  or  plague  exists  in  any  State  or  Territory,  or  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  that  there  is  danger  of  the  spread  of 
such  disease  into  other  States,  Territories,  or  the  District  of  Columbia, 
he  is  hereby  authorized  to  cause  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to 
promulgate  such  rules  and  regulations  as  in  his  judgment  may  be 
necessary  to  prevent  the  spread  of  such  disease  from  one  State  or  Ter- 
ritory into  another,  or  from  any  State  or  Territory  into  the  District  of 
.  Columbia,  or  from  the  District  of  Columbia  into  any  State  or  Terri- 
tory, and  to  employ  such  inspectors  and  other  persons  as  may  be  nec- 
essary to  execute  such  regulations  to  prevent  the  spread  of  such  dis- 
ease. The  said  rules  and  regulations  shall  be  prepared  by  the  Super- 
vising Surgeon-General  of  the  Marine-Hospital  Service  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.    And  any  person  who  shall 


60 

willfully  violate  any  rule  or  regulation  so  made  and  promulgated  shall 
be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  shall  be 
punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  or  imprison- 
ment for  not  more  than  two  years,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of  the 
court. 

Sec.  2.  That  any  officer,  or  person  acting  as  an  officer,  or  agent  of 
the  United  States  at  any  quarantine  station,  or  other  person  employed 
to  aid  in  preventing  the  spread  of  such  disease,  who  shall  willfully 
violate  any  of  the  quarantine  laws  of  the  United  States,  or  any  of  the 
rules  and  regulations  made  and  promulgated  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  as  provided  for  in  Section  1  of  this  act,  or  any  lawful  order 
of  his  superior  officer  or  officers,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misde- 
meanor, and  upon  conviction  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more 
than  three  hundred  dollars  or  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  one 
year,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Sec.  3.  That  when  any  common  carrier  or  officer,  agent,  or  employe 
of  any  common  carrier  shall  willfully  violate  any  of  the  quarantine 
laws  of  the  United  States,  or  the  rules  and  regulations  made  and  pro- 
mulgated as  provided  for  in  Section  1  of  this  act,  such  common  car- 
rier, officer,  agent,  or  employe  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misde- 
meanor, and  shall,  on  conviction,  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more 
than  five  hundred  dollars,  or  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  two 
years,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

[Act  March  2, 1901.] 

An  Act  To  amend  "An  Act  granting  additional  quarantine  powers  and  imposing 
additional  duties  upon  the  Marine-Hospital  Service,"  approved  February  fifteenth, 
eighteen  himdred  and  ninety-three. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  an  Act  granting  addi- 
tional quarantine  powers  and  imposing  additional  duties  upon  the 
Marine-Hospital  ServT.ce,  approved  February  fifteenth,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  ninety-three,  be  amended  by  addition  of  the  following 
sections: 

"Sec.  10.  That  the  Supervising  Surgeon-General,  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  is  authorized  to  designate 


61 

and  mark  the  boundaries  of  the  quarantine  grounds  and  quarantine 
anchorages  for  vessels  which  are  reserv^ed  for  use  at  each  United  States 
quarantine  station;  and  any  vessel  or  officer  of  any  vessel  or  other 
■  person,  other  than  State  or  municipal  health  or  quarantine  officers, 
trespassing  or  otherwise  entering  upon  such  grounds  or  anchorages 
in  disregard  of  the  quarantine  rules  and  regulations,  or  without  per- 
mission of  the  officer  in  charge  of  such  station,  shall  be  deemed  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor  and  subject  to  arrest,  and  upon  con\-iction  thereof 
be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  three  hundred  dollars  or  im- 
prisonment for  not  more  than  one  year,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of 
the  court.  Any  master  or  owner  of  any  vessel,  or  any  person  iso- 
lating any  provision  of  this  Act  or  any  rule  or  regulation  made  in 
accordance  with  this  Act,  relating  to  inspection  of  vessels  or  relating 
to  the  prevention  of  the  introduction  of  contagious  or  infectious  dis- 
eases, or  any  master,  owner,  or  agent  of  any  vessel  making  a  false 
statement  relative  to  the  sanitary  condition  of  said  vessel  or  its  con- 
tents or  as  to  the  health  of  any  passenger  or  person  thereon,  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  subject  to  arrest,  and  upon 
conviction  thereof  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hun- 
dred dollars  or  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  one  year,  or  both,  in 
the  discretion  of  the  coiut. 

"Sec.  11.  That  any  vessel  sailing  from  any  foreign  port  without 
the  bill  of  health  required  by  section  two  of  this  Act,  and  arriving 
within  the  limits  of  any  collection  district  of  the  United  States,  and 
not  entering  or  attempting  to  enter  any  port  of  the  United  States, 
shall  be  subject  to  such  quarantine  measures  as  shall  be  prescribed 
by  regulations  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  the  cost  of  such 
measures  shall  be  a  lien  on  said  vessel,  to  be  recovered  by  proceedings 
in  the  proper  district  court  of  the  United  States  and  in  the  manner 
set  forth  above  as  regards  vessels  from  foreign  ports  without  bills  of 
health  and  entering  any  port  of  the  United  States. 

"Sec.  12.  That  the  medical  officers  of  the  United  States,  duly 
clothed  with  authority  to  act  as  quarantine  officers  at  any  port  or 
place  within  the  United  States,  and  when  performing  the  said  duties, 
are  hereby  authorized  to  take  declarations  and  administer  oaths  in 


62 

matters  pertaining  to  the  administration  of  the  quarantine  laws  and 
regulations  of  the  United  States." 

[PubUc— No.  243.1 

An  Act  To  tother  protect  the  public  health  and  make  more  effective  the  national 

quarantine. 

[Approved,  June  19,  1906.] 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  Amenca  in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasiuy  shall  have  the  control,  direction,  and  management  of  all 
quarantine  stations,  grounds,  and  anchorages  established  by  author- 
ity of  the  United  States,  and  as  soon  as  practicable  after  the  approval 
of  this  Act  shall  select  and  designate  such  suitable  places  for  them  and 
establish  the  same  at  such  points  on  or  near  the  coast  line  of  the 
United  States  or  the  border  of  the  United  States  and  a  foreign  country 
as  in  his  judgment  are  best  suited  for  the  same  and  necessary  to  pre- 
vent the  introduction  of  yellow  fever  into  the  United  States,  and,  in 
his  discretion,  he  may  also  establish  at  the  group  of  islands  known  as 
the  Dry  Tortugas,  at  the  western  end  of  the  Florida  reef,  and  at  such 
other  point  or  points  on  or  near  the  coast  line  of  the  United  States 
(not  to  exceed  four  in  the  aggregate)  as  he  deems  necessary,  quai'an- 
tine  grounds,  stations,  and  anchorages,  whereat  or  whereto  infected 
vessels  bound  for  an}'  port  in  the  United  States  may  be  detained  or 
sent  for  the  purpose  of  being  disinfected,  having  their  cargoes  disin- 
fected and  discharged,  if  necessaiy,  and  their  sick  treated  in  hospitals 
until  all  danger  of  infection  or  contagion  from  such  vessels,  their 
cargoes,  passengers,  or  crews  has  been  removed. 

Sec.  2.  That  in  cases  in  which  the  title  to  the  land  and  water  so 
selected  and  designated  is  in  the  United  States  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  department,  bureau,  or  official  of  the  United  States  having  cus- 
tody or  possession  of  such  land  and  water,  or  any  part  thereof,  not  used 
by  the  Government  for  other  pui'poses  designated  by  law,  or  posses- 
sion of  said  Dry  Tortugas  Islands,  on  demand  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasim%  to  deliver  the  same  into  his  custody  and  possession  for  the 
use  of  the  Public  Health  and  Marine  Hospital  Service,  evidencing 


63 

such,  delivery  by  a  suitable  instrument  in  writing  to  be  delivered  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  That  in  cases  in  which  the  title  to 
such  land  and  water,  or  any  part  thereof,  is  in  any  other  owner  than 
the  United  States  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
to  secure  the  title  and  possession  of  the  same  to  the  United  States  for 
the  use  of  the  Public  Health  and  Marine-Hospital  Service  of  the 
United  States,  by  purchase  at  a  reasonable  price,  if  possible,  but  if, 
in  his  judgment,  the  price  demanded  for  such  property  be  excessive, 
he  is  hereby  authorized  to  apply  to  the  Attorney  General  of  the 
United  States  to  cause  to  be  instituted,  in  the  proper  tribunal,  con- 
demnation proceedings  in  the  name  of  the  United  States  for  the  pur- 
pose of  acquiring  for  the  United  States  the  title  and  possession  of  such 
land  and  water,  and  said  Attorney  General  shall,  as  soon  as  possible 
after  such  application  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury^  cause  such 
proceedings  to  be  instituted  and  conducted  to  a  conclusion,  and  the 
custody  and  possession  of  such  land  and  water,  when  duly  acquired  in 
accordance  with  the  award  made  in  such  condemnation  proceedings, 
shall  be  delivered  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  for  the  use  of  the 
Public  Health  and  Marine  Hospital  Service. 

Sec.  3.  That  on  acquiring  possession  of  any  land  and  water  in 
accordance  with  the  proA'isions  of  this  Act  for  the  purpose  of  establish- 
ing thereat  a  quarantine  station  and  anchorage,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  shall  cause  to  be  published  in  such  newspapers  as  he  may 
think  proper,  once  a  week  for  four  successvie  weeks,  a  notice  of  the 
selection  and  designation  of  such  places  for  quarantine  stations  and 
anchorages,  with  a  description  of  the  boundaries  of  such  quarantine 
stations  and  anchorages,  and  such  rules  and  regulations  as  he  shall 
adopt  and  promulgate,  requiring  vessels  with  yellow  fever  among 
their  passengers  or  crews  to  go  to  specified  quarantine  stations  and 
anchorages,  to  be  dealt  with  there  before  "visiting  any  port  of  the 
United  States.  He  shall  establish  at  such  quarantine  stations  and 
anchorages  all  necessary  instrumentahties  for  disinfecting  vessels  and 
their  cargoes,  and  where  the  same  shall  be  required  shall  erect  the 
necessary  hospital  buildings  and  install  the  necessary  furniture  and 
fittings  for  recei\dng  and  treating  the  sick  among  the  passengers  and 


(>4 

crews  of  vessels  going  to  such  quarantine  stations  and  anchorages, 

and  pro^'ide  for  the  separation  of  those  among  their  passengers  and 
crews  who  are  suffering  from  yellow  fever  from  those  who  are  in  good 
health,  and  shall  further  provide  for  doing  all  things  necessary  to 
eradicate  such  disease  from  such  vessels,  their  cargoes,  passengers, 
and  crews. 

Sec.  4.  That  any  vessel,  or  any  officer  of  any  vessel,  or  other  per- 
son other  than  State  health  or  quarantine  officers,  entering  within  the 
limits  of  any  quarantine  grounds  and  anchorages,  or  any  quarantine 
station  and  anchorage,  or  departing  therefrom,  in  disregard  of  the 
quarantine  rules  and  regulations  or  without  the  permission  of  the  offi- 
cer in  charge  of  such  quarantine  ground  and  anchorage,  or  of  such 
quarantine  station  and  anchorage,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misde- 
meanor, and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not 
more  than  three  hundred  dollars  or  by  imprisonment  for  not  more  than 
one  year,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court.  That  any  master  or 
owner  of  any  vessel  Aiolating  any  provision  of  this  Act,  or  any  pro- 
\T.sion  of  an  Act  entitled  ■"An  Act  granting  additional  powers  and  im- 
posing additional  duties  on  the  Marine-Hospital  Service,  "  approved 
February  fifteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-three,  or  \-iolating 
any  rule  or  regulation  made  in  accordance  with  this  Act  or  said  Act  of 
Februarv^  fifteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-three,  relating  to 
the  inspection  of  vessels,  or  to  the  prevention  of  the  introduction  of 
contagious  or  infectious  diseases  into  the  United  States,  or  any  master, 
owner,  or  agent  of  any  vessel  maldng  a  false  statement  relative  to  the 
sanitary  condition  of  such  vessel  or  its  contents,  or  as  to  the  health  of 
any  passenger  or  person  thereon  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misde- 
meanor, and  on  con^iction  thereof  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not 
more  than  five  hundred  dollars  or  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  one 
year,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Sec.  5.  That  in  any  place  where  a  quarantine  station  and  plant  is 
already  established  by  State  or  local  authorities  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  before  selecting  and  designating  a  quar- 
antine station  and  grounds  and  anchorage  for  vessels,  to  examine  such 
established  stations  and  plants,  with  a  view  of  obtaining  a  transfer  of 


65 

the  site  and  plants  to  the  United  States,  and  vrhenever  the  proper 
authorities  shall  be  ready  to  transfer  the  same  or  surrender  the  use 
thereof  to  the  United  States,  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  author- 
ized to  obtain  title  thereto  or  possession  and  use  thereof,  and  to  pay  a 
reasonable  compensation  therefor,  if,  in  his  opinion,  such  purchase  or 
use  will  be  necessary  to  the  United  States  for  quarantine  piu-poses  and 
the  quarantine  stations  established  by  authority  of  this  Act  shall, 
when  so  established,  be  used  to  preA'ent  the  introduction  of  all  quar- 
antinable  diseases. 

Sec.  6.  That  whenever  any  established  station,  or  any  land  or 
water,  or  any  part  thereof,  shall  be  acquired  by  the  United  States 
under  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  jurisdiction  over  the  same  shall  be 
ceded  to  the  United  States  by  any  State  in  which  the  same  is  situated 
before  any  compensation  therefor  shall  be  paid. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  sum  of  five  hundred  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much 
thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  is  hereby  appropriated,  out  of  any  money 
in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  for  the  purpose  of  carry- 
ing into  effect  the  pro^risions  of  this  Act,  as  well  as  for  the  purpose 
generally  of  preventing  the  importation  of  yellow  fever  and  other 
quarantinable  diseases  into  the  United  States,  and  for  the  fui'ther 
purposes,  in  cooperation  with  State  or  municipal  health  authorities, 
of  eradicating  them  should  they  be  imported,  of  preventing  their 
spread  from  one  State  into  arioth(^r  State,  and  of  destroying  their 
causes. 

181214—20 5 


INDEX. 


Paragrapli . 

Anthrax 1, 126 

Bacteriological  examination: 

Cholera 63,  65,  66,  68,  72,  79 

Rodents 96 

Baggage,  treatment  of 19,  62, 110(d),  112, 115, 132, 136, 158 

Ballast 132 

Bedding,  treatment  of 11 

Bichloride  of  mercury. 26, 161 

Bills  of  health: 

General  requirements 2,  4,  37 

Exemptions  relative  to 3 

May  be  withheld 4 

Bodies  of  deceased  persons: 

Disposal  at  sea 24 

Disposal  at  quarantine 55 

Prohibition  as  to  transportation  of 55 

Boiling,  for  disinfection 160 

Border  quarantine 129-139 

Exemption  at  borders 3 

Brushes,  shaving 126, 127, 128 

Bubonic  plague.     {See  Plague.) 

Burning,  to  destroy  infection 160 

Canadian  border.     {See  Border  quarantine.) 

Carbolic  acid  solution 26, 162 

Cards,  inspection 109 

Cargo: 

Inspection  of 4,  6,  93 

Treatment  of 95 

To  be  partially  removed 106 

(67) 


68 

Certificate:  Paragraph. 

Discharge  from  quarantine 34,  47,  58 

Of  fumigation 37, 104 

Of  disinfection 37 

Cholera: 

Requirements  at  foreign  ports 59 

Requirements  at  sea 20(j),  2-2 

Requirements  at  domestic  ports 67-79 

Clothing,  treatment  of  {also  see  Wearing  apparel) 20(e) 

Common  carriers  on  the  border 137 

Communicable  diseases ^ 40 

Comm.unication  ■with  vessels  in  quarantine  prohibited 39,  44 

Cremation  of  bodies 55 

Cre^^s,  substitute  crevr 45 

Customs  inspectors,  permitted  aboard  vessels  in  quarantine  ..        39 
Cyanide  fumigation.     {See  Hydrocyanic  acid  gas.) 

Daylight  inspection 36 

Dead,  bodies  of  the 24,  55 

Dejecta,  treatment  of 20  (j),  76,  78 

Department  of  Agiicultm'e,  regulations  of 13 

Detention  of  vessels 41,  42 

Deratizatoin  of  vessels  {also  see  Fumigation) 20(h), 

91,  95, 102, 105, 155, 184 

Discharge  fi'om  quarantine 47,  58 

Dphtheria 13 

Disinfection : 

For  cholera.     {See  Cholera.) 
For  leprosy.     {See  Leprosy.) 
For  plague.     {See  Plague.) 
For  smallpox.     {See  Smallpox.) 
For  typhus.     {See  Typhus.) 
For  yellow  fever.     {See  Yellow  fever.) 
Exemption: 

Bills  of  health 3 

Border  travel. 129-139 

As  to  customs  officers 39 


69 

Exemption — Continued.  Paragrapti. 

Inspection 5(b),  142 

Naval  vessels 140-144 

As  to  pilots 39 

Equipment  of  quarantine  stations 27,  29 

Eood  stuffs 59,  61,  62,  73, 152 

Eormalin 163 

Formaldehyde  gas 168 

Frontiers.     {See  Border  quarantine.) 

Fruits  and  vegetables 73 

Fruit  vessels 36 

Fumigation: 

Cyanide  gas 179, 180, 184 

Carbon  dioxide  gas 177 

Pyrethrum. 178 

Sulphur  dioxide • 164, 167, 181, 184 

For  destruction  of  fleas 164, 179, 180(c),  181(c) 

For  destruction  of  lice 179, 180(d),  181(b) 

For  destruction  of  mosquitoes 164, 181(a),  179, 180(a) 

For  destruction  of  rats 164, 181(c),  179, 180(c) 

Harbors  for  rats,  prevention  of 8 

Hydrocyanic  acid  gas 89, 105, 179, 180 

Inspection: 

Baggage 4 

Cards 109 

Cargo 4 

Crew 4 

Definition  of 6 

Exemption  from 5(b) 

Time  of 7,  36 

Vessels 34,  35,  36,  37,  39 

Incubation,  period  of: 

Cholera 71 

Plague 1 98 

Smallpox : 107 

181214—20 b 


TO 

Incubation,  period  of— Continued,  raragraph. 

Typhus Ill 

Yellow  fever 80 

Isolation: 

Of  sick : 21(c),  22,  51 

Of  suspects 51 

Leprosy 122-125 

Lighters,  fumigation  of 91 

Local  health   authorities,   to  be   notified   of  communicable 

diseases 40 

Log,  ship's  log — ^Xoting  of  disease  by  master 22 

Malaria T T ' 20(g) 

Manifests,  freight,  to  be  examined 37 

Measles 18 

Merchandise,  articles  of 93 

Mexican  frontier.     {See  Border  quarantine.) 
Mosquitoes: 

Prevention  of 20(gj,  31,  81,  87(a) 

Destruction  of 81,  83(b),  84, 85,  89, 156, 164, 178, 179 

Oaths,  quarantine  officers  authorized  to  administer 38 

Oxides  of  carbon 177 

Passengers: 

Cabin 16,  65 

Steerage 16,  63,  68 

Personal  effects 11,  43,  77, 100, 110(d),  112, 115, 136 

Penalties 4,  33 

Pilots 39, 43 

Plague: 

Requirements  at  foreign  ports 90-93 

Requii'ements  at  sea 20(h),  22 

Requii-ements  at  domestic  ports 94—106,  148,  155 

Pratique.     (See  Certificate  of  discharge  from  quarantine.) 

P^Tethriun  for  destruction  of  mosquitoes 178 

Quai'antine,  certificate  of  dischai'ge  from .  - 34,  47,  58 

Quarantine  seasdn,  active 

Quai'antine  station,  equipment  of 27,  29 


71 

Rats: 

Destruction  of 164,  179,  180(c),  181(c> 

Prevention  of  harborage & 

Guarding  ship  against 90 

Rat-guards  to  mooring  lines 92, 101 

Records,  ship's  surgeon  to  keep  clinical 25 

Reports,  quarantine  officer  to  report  violations  of  laws 56,  57 

Scarlet  fever 18 

Smallpox: 

Requii'ements  at  foreign  ports 107-109 

Requirements  at  sea 21(c),  22 

Requirements  at  domestic  ports 110, 153 

Solutions  for  disinfection 161, 162, 163 

Steerage  passengers.     {8ee  Passengers.) 

Steam  as  disinfectant 127, 160 

State  and  local  quarantine,  inspection  of 145, 14& 

Subsistence  to  persons  in  detention,  expense  of 54 

Sulphur  dioxide 164-167, 181 

Typhus: 

Requirements  at  foreign  ports 111-114 

Requirements  at  sea 21(i),  22 

Requirements  at  domestic  ports 115-121, 

136, 151, 158, 180(d),  181(b) 
Vaccination   of    personnel   at   quarantine   stations   (also   see 

Smallpox) 3a 

Vaccine  vhus 26 

Vessels: 

At  sea 20-26 

Certificate  of  discharge  from  quarantine 34,  47,  58 

Clearing  for  United  States  ports 2 

Detention  of.     [See  Detention.) 

Plying  on  frontiers 3 

May  be  released  after  disinfection 45 

To  be  mechanically  clean 8,  20(a) 

Ventilation 10 

Water  supply ." 10,  21(j),  2^ 


72 


Water,  contaminated,  treatment  of 59,  75, 157 

Wearing  apparel.^ 11,  77, 100, 110(d),  112, 115, 136, 158 

Yellow  fever: 

Requirements  at  foreign  ports 80-83 

Requii'ements  at  sea 21(g),  22 

Requirements  at  domestic  ports 83-89, 

135, 150, 156, 164, 179,  180(a),  181(a) 

UNITED  STATES  QUARANTINE  LAWS. 


Act  of  March  27,  1890. 

Act  of  August  1,  1888 

Act  of  February  15,  1893 

Act  of  August  18,  1894 

Act  of  March  3,  1901 

Act  of  June  19,  1906 

Anchorage,  Secretary  of  Treasury  to  fix  boundaries. . . 
Bills  of  health: 

Consular  officers  to  issue 

Exemption  as  to 

Failure  to  produce 

Masters  to  secure  at  foreign  ports 

Masters  to  deliver  at  domestic  ports 

Violations  as  to  securing .- 

Certificate  of  discharge  from  quarantine,  master  to 

produce 

Cholera 

■Consular  officers 

Exemptions  as  to  bills  of  health 

False  statements,  penalties  for  master  making 


Sec. 


Page. 


1 
10 


59 
59 
50 
55 
00 
62 
63 

50 
55 
50 
50 
53 
51 

53 
53 
50 
55 
60 


73 


UNITED  STATES  QUARANTINE  LAWS— Continued. 


Fees  for  bills  of  health 

Foreign  ports,  consular  reports  as  to  sanitary  condi- 
tions  

Infected  vessels,  treatment  of,  at  United  States  ports. 
Medical  officers  may  be  detailed  for  duty  in  American 

consulate  office 

Penalties  for  \T.olation  of  law : 

As  to  bills  of  health 

As  to  violations  of  regulations 

As  to  trespass  on  quarantine  stations 

As  to  false  statements 

Ports  of  entry,  requirements  at,  as  to  quarantine 

Posting  of  quarantine  regulations  in  consular  office .  . . 
Quarantine  anchorage  to  be  fixed  by  Secretary  of 

Treasury 

Quarantine  officers,  powers  of 

Regulations: 

Issuance  of 

To  be  posted  in  consular  office 

Sanitary  reports  to  be  made  by  consular  officers 

Secretary  of  Treasury,  powers  and  duties  of 

Surgeon  General  of  Public  Health  Service,  powers 

and  duties  of 

Trespass  on  quarantine  reservations .  . , 

Vessels  plying  between  frontier  ports 


Sec. 


1 
10 


10 
5 
2 

3 
12 

2 
2 
4 
3 


O 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBR^^^^^ 

0052124037 


